Global hot spots of biological invasions: Evaluating options for ballast-water management. Drake, J., M. & Lodge, D., M. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 271(1539):575-580, 2004.
abstract   bibtex   
Biological invasions from ballast water are a severe environmental threat and exceedingly costly to society. We identify global hot spots of invasion based on worldwide patterns of ship traffic. We then estimate the rate of port-to-port invasion using gravity models for spatial interactions, and we identify bottlenecks to the regional exchange of species using the Ford-Fulkerson algorithm for network flows. Finally, using stochastic simulations of different strategies for controlling ballast-water introductions, we find that reducing the per-ship-visit chance of causing invasion is more effective in reducing the rate of biotic homogenization than eliminating key ports that are the epicentres for global spread.
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 title = {Global hot spots of biological invasions: Evaluating options for ballast-water management},
 type = {article},
 year = {2004},
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 keywords = {Ballast water,Biological invasion,Biotic homogenization,Ford-Fulkerson algorithm},
 pages = {575-580},
 volume = {271},
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 abstract = {Biological invasions from ballast water are a severe environmental threat and exceedingly costly to society. We identify global hot spots of invasion based on worldwide patterns of ship traffic. We then estimate the rate of port-to-port invasion using gravity models for spatial interactions, and we identify bottlenecks to the regional exchange of species using the Ford-Fulkerson algorithm for network flows. Finally, using stochastic simulations of different strategies for controlling ballast-water introductions, we find that reducing the per-ship-visit chance of causing invasion is more effective in reducing the rate of biotic homogenization than eliminating key ports that are the epicentres for global spread.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Drake, John M. and Lodge, David M.},
 journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
 number = {1539}
}

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