Effects of tuberculosis and/or HIV-1 infection on COVID-19 presentation and immune response in Africa

Effects of tuberculosis and/or HIV-1 infection on COVID-19 presentation and immune response in Africa. Du Bruyn, E., Stek, C., Daroowala, R., Said-Hartley, Q., Hsiao, M., Schafer, G., Goliath, R. T, Abrahams, F., Jackson, A., Wasserman, S., Allwood, B. W, Davis, A. G., Lai, R. P., Coussens, A. K, Wilkinson, K. A, de Vries, J., Tiffin, N., Cerrone, M., Ntusi, N. A B, consortium , H., Riou, C., & Wilkinson, R. J Nature Communications, 14(1):188, Nature Publishing Group, jan, 2023.

Paper doi abstract bibtex

Few studies from Africa have described the clinical impact of co-infections on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we investigate the presentation and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an African setting of high HIV-1 and tuberculosis prevalence by an observational case cohort of SARS-CoV-2 patients. A comparator group of non SARS-CoV-2 participants is included. The study includes 104 adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection of whom 29.8% are HIV-1 co-infected. Two or more co-morbidities are present in 57.7% of participants, including HIV-1 (30%) and active tuberculosis (14%). Amongst patients dually infected by tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2, clinical features can be typical of either SARS-CoV-2 or tuberculosis: lymphopenia is exacerbated, and some markers of inflammation (D-dimer and ferritin) are further elevated (p \textless 0.05). Amongst HIV-1 co-infected participants those with low CD4 percentage strata exhibit reduced total, but not neutralising, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. SARS-CoV-2 specific CD8 T cell responses are present in 35.8% participants overall but undetectable in combined HIV-1 and tuberculosis. Death occurred in 30/104 (29%) of all COVID-19 patients and in 6/15 (40%) of patients with coincident SARS-CoV-2 and tuberculosis. This shows that in a high incidence setting, tuberculosis is a common co-morbidity in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is adversely affected by co-existent HIV-1 and tuberculosis. Here the authors describe outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an African setting of high HIV-1 and tuberculosis prevalence. They find that tuberculosis is a common co-morbidity in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 and that the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is adversely affected by co-existent HIV-1 and tuberculosis.

@article{DuBruyn2023,
abstract = {Few studies from Africa have described the clinical impact of co-infections on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we investigate the presentation and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an African setting of high HIV-1 and tuberculosis prevalence by an observational case cohort of SARS-CoV-2 patients. A comparator group of non SARS-CoV-2 participants is included. The study includes 104 adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection of whom 29.8{\%} are HIV-1 co-infected. Two or more co-morbidities are present in 57.7{\%} of participants, including HIV-1 (30{\%}) and active tuberculosis (14{\%}). Amongst patients dually infected by tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2, clinical features can be typical of either SARS-CoV-2 or tuberculosis: lymphopenia is exacerbated, and some markers of inflammation (D-dimer and ferritin) are further elevated (p {\textless} 0.05). Amongst HIV-1 co-infected participants those with low CD4 percentage strata exhibit reduced total, but not neutralising, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. SARS-CoV-2 specific CD8 T cell responses are present in 35.8{\%} participants overall but undetectable in combined HIV-1 and tuberculosis. Death occurred in 30/104 (29{\%}) of all COVID-19 patients and in 6/15 (40{\%}) of patients with coincident SARS-CoV-2 and tuberculosis. This shows that in a high incidence setting, tuberculosis is a common co-morbidity in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is adversely affected by co-existent HIV-1 and tuberculosis. Here the authors describe outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an African setting of high HIV-1 and tuberculosis prevalence. They find that tuberculosis is a common co-morbidity in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 and that the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is adversely affected by co-existent HIV-1 and tuberculosis.},
author = {{Du Bruyn}, Elsa and Stek, Cari and Daroowala, Remi and Said-Hartley, Qonita and Hsiao, Marvin and Schafer, Georgia and Goliath, Rene T and Abrahams, Fatima and Jackson, Amanda and Wasserman, Sean and Allwood, Brian W and Davis, Angharad G. and Lai, Rachel P.-J. and Coussens, Anna K and Wilkinson, Katalin A and de Vries, Jantina and Tiffin, Nicki and Cerrone, Maddalena and Ntusi, Ntobeko A B and HIATUS consortium and Riou, Catherine and Wilkinson, Robert J},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-35689-1},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/01462563/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Du Bruyn et al. - 2023 - Effects of tuberculosis andor HIV-1 infection on COVID-19 presentation and immune response in Africa.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2041-1723},
journal = {Nature Communications},
keywords = {Medical research,OA,OA{\_}PMC,Pathogenesis,fund{\_}ack,genomics{\_}fund{\_}ack,original},
mendeley-tags = {OA,OA{\_}PMC,fund{\_}ack,genomics{\_}fund{\_}ack,original},
month = {jan},
number = {1},
pages = {188},
pmid = {36635274},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Effects of tuberculosis and/or HIV-1 infection on COVID-19 presentation and immune response in Africa}},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-35689-1},
volume = {14},
year = {2023}
}

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