@article{eberhard_possible_2016,
	title = {Possible role of fish and frogs as paratenic hosts of {Dracunculus} medinensis, {Chad}},
	volume = {22},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	doi = {10.3201/eid2208.160043},
	abstract = {Copepods	infected with Dracunculus medinensis larvae collected	from	infected dogs in Chad were fed to 2 species of fish and tadpoles. Although they	readily ingested copepods, neither species of fish, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) nor fathead minnow (Pimephalis promelas), were found to harbor Dracunculus larvae when examined 2–3	weeks later. Tadpoles ingested copepods much more slowly; however, upon examination at the same time	interval, tadpoles of green frogs (Lithobates [Rana] clamitans)	were	found to harbor small numbers of Dracunculus larvae. Two ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were fed fish	or tadpoles that had been exposed to infected	copepods.	 Only	the ferret fed tadpoles harbored developing Dracunculus larvae at necropsy 70–80 days postexposure. These observations confirm that D. medinensis, like other species in the genus Dracunculus, can readily survive and remain infective in potential paratenic hosts, especially tadpoles.},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Emerging Infectious Diseases},
	author = {Eberhard, M.L. and Yabsley, M.J. and Zirimwabagabo, H. and Bishop, H. and Cleveland, C.A. and Maerz, J.C. and Bringolf, R. and Ruiz-Tiben, E.},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {1428--1430},
}

{"_id":"XL8kjkB45FT5j2Jjn","bibbaseid":"eberhard-yabsley-zirimwabagabo-bishop-cleveland-maerz-bringolf-ruiztiben-possibleroleoffishandfrogsasparatenichostsofdracunculusmedinensischad-2016","author_short":["Eberhard, M.","Yabsley, M.","Zirimwabagabo, H.","Bishop, H.","Cleveland, C.","Maerz, J.","Bringolf, R.","Ruiz-Tiben, E."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Possible role of fish and frogs as paratenic hosts of Dracunculus medinensis, Chad","volume":"22","copyright":"All rights reserved","doi":"10.3201/eid2208.160043","abstract":"Copepods infected with Dracunculus medinensis larvae collected from infected dogs in Chad were fed to 2 species of fish and tadpoles. Although they readily ingested copepods, neither species of fish, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) nor fathead minnow (Pimephalis promelas), were found to harbor Dracunculus larvae when examined 2–3 weeks later. Tadpoles ingested copepods much more slowly; however, upon examination at the same time interval, tadpoles of green frogs (Lithobates [Rana] clamitans) were found to harbor small numbers of Dracunculus larvae. Two ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were fed fish or tadpoles that had been exposed to infected copepods. Only the ferret fed tadpoles harbored developing Dracunculus larvae at necropsy 70–80 days postexposure. These observations confirm that D. medinensis, like other species in the genus Dracunculus, can readily survive and remain infective in potential paratenic hosts, especially tadpoles.","number":"8","journal":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Eberhard"],"firstnames":["M.L."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Yabsley"],"firstnames":["M.J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Zirimwabagabo"],"firstnames":["H."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Bishop"],"firstnames":["H."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Cleveland"],"firstnames":["C.A."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Maerz"],"firstnames":["J.C."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Bringolf"],"firstnames":["R."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Ruiz-Tiben"],"firstnames":["E."],"suffixes":[]}],"year":"2016","pages":"1428–1430","bibtex":"@article{eberhard_possible_2016,\n\ttitle = {Possible role of fish and frogs as paratenic hosts of {Dracunculus} medinensis, {Chad}},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tdoi = {10.3201/eid2208.160043},\n\tabstract = {Copepods\tinfected with Dracunculus medinensis larvae collected\tfrom\tinfected dogs in Chad were fed to 2 species of fish and tadpoles. Although they\treadily ingested copepods, neither species of fish, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) nor fathead minnow (Pimephalis promelas), were found to harbor Dracunculus larvae when examined 2–3\tweeks later. Tadpoles ingested copepods much more slowly; however, upon examination at the same time\tinterval, tadpoles of green frogs (Lithobates [Rana] clamitans)\twere\tfound to harbor small numbers of Dracunculus larvae. Two ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were fed fish\tor tadpoles that had been exposed to infected\tcopepods.\t Only\tthe ferret fed tadpoles harbored developing Dracunculus larvae at necropsy 70–80 days postexposure. These observations confirm that D. medinensis, like other species in the genus Dracunculus, can readily survive and remain infective in potential paratenic hosts, especially tadpoles.},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\tjournal = {Emerging Infectious Diseases},\n\tauthor = {Eberhard, M.L. and Yabsley, M.J. and Zirimwabagabo, H. and Bishop, H. and Cleveland, C.A. and Maerz, J.C. and Bringolf, R. and Ruiz-Tiben, E.},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {1428--1430},\n}\n\n\n\n","author_short":["Eberhard, M.","Yabsley, M.","Zirimwabagabo, H.","Bishop, H.","Cleveland, C.","Maerz, J.","Bringolf, R.","Ruiz-Tiben, E."],"key":"eberhard_possible_2016","id":"eberhard_possible_2016","bibbaseid":"eberhard-yabsley-zirimwabagabo-bishop-cleveland-maerz-bringolf-ruiztiben-possibleroleoffishandfrogsasparatenichostsofdracunculusmedinensischad-2016","role":"author","urls":{},"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}},"html":""},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://bibbase.org/zotero-group/jcmaerz/6026147","dataSources":["mCHFziEwJLRwofY4u","FuXGdg8RaL9fWCJW7"],"keywords":[],"search_terms":["possible","role","fish","frogs","paratenic","hosts","dracunculus","medinensis","chad","eberhard","yabsley","zirimwabagabo","bishop","cleveland","maerz","bringolf","ruiz-tiben"],"title":"Possible role of fish and frogs as paratenic hosts of Dracunculus medinensis, Chad","year":2016}