@article{einarsson_relating_2020,
	title = {Relating {MR} relaxation times of ex vivo meniscus to tissue degeneration through comparison with histopathology},
	volume = {2},
	issn = {2665-9131},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665913120300509},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100061},
	abstract = {Background
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), e.g. relaxation parameter mapping, may be sensitive to structural and compositional tissue changes, and could potentially be used to non-invasively detect and monitor early meniscus degeneration related to knee osteoarthritis.
Objective
To investigate MR relaxation times as potential biomarkers for meniscus degeneration through comparisons with histopathology.
Methods
We measured MR relaxation parameters in the posterior horn of 40 menisci (medial and lateral) at a wide range of degenerative stages. T1, T2 and T2∗ were mapped using standard and ultrashort echo time sequences at 9.4 T and compared to gold standard histology using Pauli's histopathological scoring system, including assessment of surface integrity, collagen organization, cellularity and Safranin-O staining.
Results
All three relaxation times increased with total Pauli score (mean difference per score (95\% CI) for T2∗: 0.62 (0.37, 0.86), T2: 0.83 (0.53, 1.1) and T1: 24.7 (16.5, 32.8) ms/score). Clear associations were seen with scores of surface integrity (mean difference per score for T2∗: 3.0 (1.8, 4.2), T2: 4.0 (2.5, 5.5) and T1: 116 (75.6, 156) ms/score) and collagen organization (mean difference between highest and lowest score for T2∗: 5.3 (1.6, 8.9), T2: 6.1 (1.7, 11) and T1: 204 (75.9, 332) ms). The results were less clear for the remaining histopathological measures.
Conclusions
MR relaxation times T1, T2 and T2∗ of ex vivo human menisci are associated with histologically verified degenerative processes, in particular related to surface integrity and collagen organization. If confirmed in vivo, MR relaxation times may thus be potential biomarkers for meniscus degeneration.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2021-03-27},
	journal = {Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open},
	author = {Einarsson, Emma and Svensson, Jonas and Folkesson, Elin and Kestilä, Iida and Tjörnstrand, Jon and Peterson, Pernilla and Finnilä, Mikko A. J. and Hughes, H. Velocity and Turkiewicz, Aleksandra and Saarakkala, Simo and Englund, Martin},
	month = jun,
	year = {2020},
	note = {Number: 2},
	keywords = {Ex vivo, Histology, MRI, Meniscus, Osteoarthritis, Relaxation times},
	pages = {100061},
}

{"_id":"auutYDJvYD7PhWNMu","bibbaseid":"einarsson-svensson-folkesson-kestil-tjrnstrand-peterson-finnil-hughes-etal-relatingmrrelaxationtimesofexvivomeniscustotissuedegenerationthroughcomparisonwithhistopathology-2020","author_short":["Einarsson, E.","Svensson, J.","Folkesson, E.","Kestilä, I.","Tjörnstrand, J.","Peterson, P.","Finnilä, M. A. J.","Hughes, H. V.","Turkiewicz, A.","Saarakkala, S.","Englund, M."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Relating MR relaxation times of ex vivo meniscus to tissue degeneration through comparison with histopathology","volume":"2","issn":"2665-9131","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665913120300509","doi":"10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100061","abstract":"Background Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), e.g. relaxation parameter mapping, may be sensitive to structural and compositional tissue changes, and could potentially be used to non-invasively detect and monitor early meniscus degeneration related to knee osteoarthritis. Objective To investigate MR relaxation times as potential biomarkers for meniscus degeneration through comparisons with histopathology. Methods We measured MR relaxation parameters in the posterior horn of 40 menisci (medial and lateral) at a wide range of degenerative stages. T1, T2 and T2∗ were mapped using standard and ultrashort echo time sequences at 9.4 T and compared to gold standard histology using Pauli's histopathological scoring system, including assessment of surface integrity, collagen organization, cellularity and Safranin-O staining. Results All three relaxation times increased with total Pauli score (mean difference per score (95% CI) for T2∗: 0.62 (0.37, 0.86), T2: 0.83 (0.53, 1.1) and T1: 24.7 (16.5, 32.8) ms/score). Clear associations were seen with scores of surface integrity (mean difference per score for T2∗: 3.0 (1.8, 4.2), T2: 4.0 (2.5, 5.5) and T1: 116 (75.6, 156) ms/score) and collagen organization (mean difference between highest and lowest score for T2∗: 5.3 (1.6, 8.9), T2: 6.1 (1.7, 11) and T1: 204 (75.9, 332) ms). The results were less clear for the remaining histopathological measures. Conclusions MR relaxation times T1, T2 and T2∗ of ex vivo human menisci are associated with histologically verified degenerative processes, in particular related to surface integrity and collagen organization. If confirmed in vivo, MR relaxation times may thus be potential biomarkers for meniscus degeneration.","language":"en","number":"2","urldate":"2021-03-27","journal":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Einarsson"],"firstnames":["Emma"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Svensson"],"firstnames":["Jonas"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Folkesson"],"firstnames":["Elin"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kestilä"],"firstnames":["Iida"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Tjörnstrand"],"firstnames":["Jon"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Peterson"],"firstnames":["Pernilla"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Finnilä"],"firstnames":["Mikko","A.","J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Hughes"],"firstnames":["H.","Velocity"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Turkiewicz"],"firstnames":["Aleksandra"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Saarakkala"],"firstnames":["Simo"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Englund"],"firstnames":["Martin"],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"June","year":"2020","note":"Number: 2","keywords":"Ex vivo, Histology, MRI, Meniscus, Osteoarthritis, Relaxation times","pages":"100061","bibtex":"@article{einarsson_relating_2020,\n\ttitle = {Relating {MR} relaxation times of ex vivo meniscus to tissue degeneration through comparison with histopathology},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tissn = {2665-9131},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665913120300509},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100061},\n\tabstract = {Background\nQuantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), e.g. relaxation parameter mapping, may be sensitive to structural and compositional tissue changes, and could potentially be used to non-invasively detect and monitor early meniscus degeneration related to knee osteoarthritis.\nObjective\nTo investigate MR relaxation times as potential biomarkers for meniscus degeneration through comparisons with histopathology.\nMethods\nWe measured MR relaxation parameters in the posterior horn of 40 menisci (medial and lateral) at a wide range of degenerative stages. T1, T2 and T2∗ were mapped using standard and ultrashort echo time sequences at 9.4 T and compared to gold standard histology using Pauli's histopathological scoring system, including assessment of surface integrity, collagen organization, cellularity and Safranin-O staining.\nResults\nAll three relaxation times increased with total Pauli score (mean difference per score (95\\% CI) for T2∗: 0.62 (0.37, 0.86), T2: 0.83 (0.53, 1.1) and T1: 24.7 (16.5, 32.8) ms/score). Clear associations were seen with scores of surface integrity (mean difference per score for T2∗: 3.0 (1.8, 4.2), T2: 4.0 (2.5, 5.5) and T1: 116 (75.6, 156) ms/score) and collagen organization (mean difference between highest and lowest score for T2∗: 5.3 (1.6, 8.9), T2: 6.1 (1.7, 11) and T1: 204 (75.9, 332) ms). The results were less clear for the remaining histopathological measures.\nConclusions\nMR relaxation times T1, T2 and T2∗ of ex vivo human menisci are associated with histologically verified degenerative processes, in particular related to surface integrity and collagen organization. If confirmed in vivo, MR relaxation times may thus be potential biomarkers for meniscus degeneration.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2021-03-27},\n\tjournal = {Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open},\n\tauthor = {Einarsson, Emma and Svensson, Jonas and Folkesson, Elin and Kestilä, Iida and Tjörnstrand, Jon and Peterson, Pernilla and Finnilä, Mikko A. J. and Hughes, H. Velocity and Turkiewicz, Aleksandra and Saarakkala, Simo and Englund, Martin},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Number: 2},\n\tkeywords = {Ex vivo, Histology, MRI, Meniscus, Osteoarthritis, Relaxation times},\n\tpages = {100061},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Einarsson, E.","Svensson, J.","Folkesson, E.","Kestilä, I.","Tjörnstrand, J.","Peterson, P.","Finnilä, M. A. J.","Hughes, H. V.","Turkiewicz, A.","Saarakkala, S.","Englund, M."],"key":"einarsson_relating_2020","id":"einarsson_relating_2020","bibbaseid":"einarsson-svensson-folkesson-kestil-tjrnstrand-peterson-finnil-hughes-etal-relatingmrrelaxationtimesofexvivomeniscustotissuedegenerationthroughcomparisonwithhistopathology-2020","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665913120300509"},"keyword":["Ex vivo","Histology","MRI","Meniscus","Osteoarthritis","Relaxation times"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://api.zotero.org/groups/5155143/items?key=IVTAjWy1U5EkGJqE2Z2qQCfh&format=bibtex&limit=100","dataSources":["7PYyrRz6AvkoBBchz","NGDbv8dMYDaDn8kqm","5jEuhQhgRx3py8LmG","LPTeGao77ndnG4Tks"],"keywords":["ex vivo","histology","mri","meniscus","osteoarthritis","relaxation times"],"search_terms":["relating","relaxation","times","vivo","meniscus","tissue","degeneration","through","comparison","histopathology","einarsson","svensson","folkesson","kestilä","tjörnstrand","peterson","finnilä","hughes","turkiewicz","saarakkala","englund"],"title":"Relating MR relaxation times of ex vivo meniscus to tissue degeneration through comparison with histopathology","year":2020}