@article{ejnavarzala_obsolescence_2014,
	title = {Obsolescence of first generation {GM} cotton seed: {Is} it planned?},
	volume = {16},
	shorttitle = {Obsolescence of first generation {GM} cotton seed},
	url = {https://www.academia.edu/download/48950177/ABDR_Nov-2014-printversion.pdf#page=53},
	abstract = {Genetically modified cotton seed with a gene engineered from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces a toxin that kills Bollworm, a major pest that attacks cotton crop, and was introduced in Gujarat in India in 2002. The Government of India gave formal approval to Mahyco-Monsanto Biotech Limited, a joint venture company between Monsanto, which has patent rights over Bt technology and Mahyco, a leading Indian seed company for commercial release of Bt technology in cotton crop in 2002. Bt cotton cultivation spread to major cotton growing states such as Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab and Madhya Pradesh. Today in India 80 per cent of cotton cultivated is GM cotton. The first generation GM cotton seed, which had the Cry1Ac gene, has recently been shown by the company to be ineffective as it has not been able to fight the bollworm on the ground that the pest developed resistance against the toxin. Based on the company’s assessment of the performance of the first generation Bt cotton seed in 2009 in Gujarat, the company declared that the first generation Bt cotton seed has become ineffective as it could not fight pink bollworm. The company introduced the second generation Bt cotton seed into which an additional gene-Cry2Ab-in addition to Cry1Ac was engineered. The article raises the following questions: Could the company’s attempt to make the first generation Bt cottonseed prematurely obsolete be a deliberate corporate strategy to introduce a new seed with some incremental modification so that the company could extend its monopolistic control over technology?},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-04-05},
	journal = {Asian Biotechnology \& Development Review},
	author = {Ejnavarzala, Haribabu},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Andhra Pradesh, Genetically Modified Crops/ GMO, India, Maharashtra},
}

{"_id":"sKs9LDEPBeCpvtdev","bibbaseid":"ejnavarzala-obsolescenceoffirstgenerationgmcottonseedisitplanned-2014","author_short":["Ejnavarzala, H."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Obsolescence of first generation GM cotton seed: Is it planned?","volume":"16","shorttitle":"Obsolescence of first generation GM cotton seed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/download/48950177/ABDR_Nov-2014-printversion.pdf#page=53","abstract":"Genetically modified cotton seed with a gene engineered from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces a toxin that kills Bollworm, a major pest that attacks cotton crop, and was introduced in Gujarat in India in 2002. The Government of India gave formal approval to Mahyco-Monsanto Biotech Limited, a joint venture company between Monsanto, which has patent rights over Bt technology and Mahyco, a leading Indian seed company for commercial release of Bt technology in cotton crop in 2002. Bt cotton cultivation spread to major cotton growing states such as Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab and Madhya Pradesh. Today in India 80 per cent of cotton cultivated is GM cotton. The first generation GM cotton seed, which had the Cry1Ac gene, has recently been shown by the company to be ineffective as it has not been able to fight the bollworm on the ground that the pest developed resistance against the toxin. Based on the company’s assessment of the performance of the first generation Bt cotton seed in 2009 in Gujarat, the company declared that the first generation Bt cotton seed has become ineffective as it could not fight pink bollworm. The company introduced the second generation Bt cotton seed into which an additional gene-Cry2Ab-in addition to Cry1Ac was engineered. The article raises the following questions: Could the company’s attempt to make the first generation Bt cottonseed prematurely obsolete be a deliberate corporate strategy to introduce a new seed with some incremental modification so that the company could extend its monopolistic control over technology?","number":"3","urldate":"2024-04-05","journal":"Asian Biotechnology & Development Review","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Ejnavarzala"],"firstnames":["Haribabu"],"suffixes":[]}],"year":"2014","keywords":"Andhra Pradesh, Genetically Modified Crops/ GMO, India, Maharashtra","bibtex":"@article{ejnavarzala_obsolescence_2014,\n\ttitle = {Obsolescence of first generation {GM} cotton seed: {Is} it planned?},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tshorttitle = {Obsolescence of first generation {GM} cotton seed},\n\turl = {https://www.academia.edu/download/48950177/ABDR_Nov-2014-printversion.pdf#page=53},\n\tabstract = {Genetically modified cotton seed with a gene engineered from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces a toxin that kills Bollworm, a major pest that attacks cotton crop, and was introduced in Gujarat in India in 2002. The Government of India gave formal approval to Mahyco-Monsanto Biotech Limited, a joint venture company between Monsanto, which has patent rights over Bt technology and Mahyco, a leading Indian seed company for commercial release of Bt technology in cotton crop in 2002. Bt cotton cultivation spread to major cotton growing states such as Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab and Madhya Pradesh. Today in India 80 per cent of cotton cultivated is GM cotton. The first generation GM cotton seed, which had the Cry1Ac gene, has recently been shown by the company to be ineffective as it has not been able to fight the bollworm on the ground that the pest developed resistance against the toxin. Based on the company’s assessment of the performance of the first generation Bt cotton seed in 2009 in Gujarat, the company declared that the first generation Bt cotton seed has become ineffective as it could not fight pink bollworm. The company introduced the second generation Bt cotton seed into which an additional gene-Cry2Ab-in addition to Cry1Ac was engineered. The article raises the following questions: Could the company’s attempt to make the first generation Bt cottonseed prematurely obsolete be a deliberate corporate strategy to introduce a new seed with some incremental modification so that the company could extend its monopolistic control over technology?},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-04-05},\n\tjournal = {Asian Biotechnology \\& Development Review},\n\tauthor = {Ejnavarzala, Haribabu},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Andhra Pradesh, Genetically Modified Crops/ GMO, India, Maharashtra},\n}\n\n\n\n","author_short":["Ejnavarzala, H."],"key":"ejnavarzala_obsolescence_2014","id":"ejnavarzala_obsolescence_2014","bibbaseid":"ejnavarzala-obsolescenceoffirstgenerationgmcottonseedisitplanned-2014","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"https://www.academia.edu/download/48950177/ABDR_Nov-2014-printversion.pdf#page=53"},"keyword":["Andhra Pradesh","Genetically Modified Crops/ GMO","India","Maharashtra"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://bibbase.org/zotero-group/stsinconf/5368194","dataSources":["hzqEPNpyc33MawRRZ"],"keywords":["andhra pradesh","genetically modified crops/ gmo","india","maharashtra"],"search_terms":["obsolescence","first","generation","cotton","seed","planned","ejnavarzala"],"title":"Obsolescence of first generation GM cotton seed: Is it planned?","year":2014}