Toward a Theory of Situation Awareness in Dynamic Systems. Endsley & R, M. Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 37(1):32--64, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 1995. doi abstract bibtex This paper presents a theoretical model of situation awareness based on its role in dynamic human decision making in a variety of domains. Situation awareness is presented as a predominant concern in system operation, based on a descriptive view of decision making. The relationship between situation awareness and numerous individual and environmental factors is explored. Among these factors, attention and working memory are presented as critical factors limiting operators from acquiring and interpreting information from the environment to form situation awareness, and mental models and goal-directed behavior are hypothesized as mechanisms for overcoming these limits. The impact of design features, workload, stress, system complexity, and automation on operator situation awareness is addressed, and a taxonomy of errors in situation awareness is introduced, based on the model presented. The model is used to generate design implications for enhancing operator situation awareness and future directions for situation awareness research.
@article{ Endsley1995a,
abstract = {This paper presents a theoretical model of situation
awareness based on its role in dynamic human decision making
in a variety of domains. Situation awareness is presented as a
predominant concern in system operation, based on a
descriptive view of decision making. The relationship between
situation awareness and numerous individual and environmental
factors is explored. Among these factors, attention and
working memory are presented as critical factors limiting
operators from acquiring and interpreting information from the
environment to form situation awareness, and mental models and
goal-directed behavior are hypothesized as
mechanisms for overcoming these limits. The impact of design
features, workload, stress, system complexity, and automation
on operator situation awareness is addressed, and a taxonomy
of errors in situation awareness is introduced, based on the
model presented. The model is used to generate design
implications for enhancing operator situation awareness and
future directions for situation awareness research.},
author = {Endsley, Mica R},
doi = {10.1518/001872095779049543},
issn = {00187208},
journal = {Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics
Society},
number = {1},
pages = {32--64},
publisher = {Human Factors and Ergonomics Society},
title = {{Toward a Theory of Situation Awareness in Dynamic Systems}},
volume = {37},
year = {1995}
}
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