Multispecies Indicators 2015. European Bird Census Council In Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme (PECBMS), pages 592+. European Bird Census Council (EBCC). ![Multispecies Indicators 2015 [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper abstract bibtex Supranational species indices are combined in multispecies indicators. These are produced for groups of species according to their main habitat types. To produce precise indicators with small standard errors, it is important to include as many bird species as possible. The rationale behind the construction of composite indicators is that each species is seen as a replicate that may respond in the same way to environmental drivers as the other species and repeats the same signal. [] After the supranational species indices have been produced, species are checked for their suitability to be included in the indicators. If a species trend (i.e. multiplicative trend) is classified as ´uncertain´ AND if the index value is $>$ 200 % or $<$ 5 %, data are considered doubtful and the species index and data quality are examined in detail. The decision to exclude such a species from an indicator depends on whether this species was already used in previous versions of the indicators, whether better data can be expected in the near future and whether index fluctuation is believed to be caused either by poor data or by other reasons linked to methodology. [] To produce multispecies indicators, we average indices rather than abundances in order to give each species an equal weight in the resulting indicators. We use geometric means rather than arithmetic means because we consider an index change from 100 to 200 as to be equivalent but opposite to a decrease from 100 to 50. Another benefit of the geometric mean is that it is the natural scale since populations grow geometrically, not arithmetically. Also, it tends to dampen extreme fluctuations and acts to reduce bias. The composite geometric mean captures the average behaviour of the constituent species. [Excerpt: Species selection and classification] To produce common bird indicators, species that are to be included have to be selected and classified according to habitat types in Europe. [] So far, three versions of our PECBMS European species selection/classification have been produced and used. Initially based on expert judgment and comprising only a limited number of species, the procedure has developed to a more formal classification of species at the level of bio-geographical regions and more than 100 species are nowadays used to produce indicators. [] The first set of European indicators was based on 47 common bird species. They were classified by the national coordinators of monitoring schemes and other experts who met at the PECBMS workshop in Prague in 2002 (read the report in the Bird Census News 16/1). The second set of European indicators comprised an enlarged species set, classified according to the publication by Tucker & Evans (1997). Since 2007, when the third set of European indicators was produced, the species classification is based on assessments within bio-geographical regions in Europe, as described below. [] The recommendation to classify species at the level of bio-geographical regions in Europe comes from a PECBMS mini workshop held in March 2005 in Lednice, Czech Republic. It would take into account that birds do slightly different things in different places, so that for instance a bird species that is to be considered as a forest species in one region may qualify as a generalist species elsewhere. Also, it would make better use of local expertise. [] The procedure initiated in Lednice was approved and developed further at the PECBMS workshop in Prague, Czech Republic, in September 2005 (read the report in the Bird Census News 19/1). Regional coordinators, who were responsible for the production of regional species lists in cooperation with all relevant experts within their regions, were appointed and a time schedule was approved. Distinguished regions were: ´Continental´, ´Atlantic´, ´Mediterranean´, and ´Boreal´. [...]
@incollection{europeanbirdcensuscouncilMultispeciesIndicators20152015,
title = {Multispecies Indicators 2015},
booktitle = {Pan-{{European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme}} ({{PECBMS}})},
author = {{European Bird Census Council}},
date = {2015},
pages = {592+},
publisher = {{European Bird Census Council (EBCC)}},
url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/13883904},
abstract = {Supranational species indices are combined in multispecies indicators. These are produced for groups of species according to their main habitat types. To produce precise indicators with small standard errors, it is important to include as many bird species as possible. The rationale behind the construction of composite indicators is that each species is seen as a replicate that may respond in the same way to environmental drivers as the other species and repeats the same signal.
[] After the supranational species indices have been produced, species are checked for their suitability to be included in the indicators. If a species trend (i.e. multiplicative trend) is classified as ´uncertain´ AND if the index value is {$>$} 200 \% or {$<$} 5 \%, data are considered doubtful and the species index and data quality are examined in detail. The decision to exclude such a species from an indicator depends on whether this species was already used in previous versions of the indicators, whether better data can be expected in the near future and whether index fluctuation is believed to be caused either by poor data or by other reasons linked to methodology.
[] To produce multispecies indicators, we average indices rather than abundances in order to give each species an equal weight in the resulting indicators. We use geometric means rather than arithmetic means because we consider an index change from 100 to 200 as to be equivalent but opposite to a decrease from 100 to 50. Another benefit of the geometric mean is that it is the natural scale since populations grow geometrically, not arithmetically. Also, it tends to dampen extreme fluctuations and acts to reduce bias. The composite geometric mean captures the average behaviour of the constituent species.
[Excerpt: Species selection and classification] To produce common bird indicators, species that are to be included have to be selected and classified according to habitat types in Europe.
[] So far, three versions of our PECBMS European species selection/classification have been produced and used. Initially based on expert judgment and comprising only a limited number of species, the procedure has developed to a more formal classification of species at the level of bio-geographical regions and more than 100 species are nowadays used to produce indicators.
[] The first set of European indicators was based on 47 common bird species. They were classified by the national coordinators of monitoring schemes and other experts who met at the PECBMS workshop in Prague in 2002 (read the report in the Bird Census News 16/1). The second set of European indicators comprised an enlarged species set, classified according to the publication by Tucker \& Evans (1997). Since 2007, when the third set of European indicators was produced, the species classification is based on assessments within bio-geographical regions in Europe, as described below.
[] The recommendation to classify species at the level of bio-geographical regions in Europe comes from a PECBMS mini workshop held in March 2005 in Lednice, Czech Republic. It would take into account that birds do slightly different things in different places, so that for instance a bird species that is to be considered as a forest species in one region may qualify as a generalist species elsewhere. Also, it would make better use of local expertise.
[] The procedure initiated in Lednice was approved and developed further at the PECBMS workshop in Prague, Czech Republic, in September 2005 (read the report in the Bird Census News 19/1). Regional coordinators, who were responsible for the production of regional species lists in cooperation with all relevant experts within their regions, were appointed and a time schedule was approved. Distinguished regions were: ´Continental´, ´Atlantic´, ´Mediterranean´, and ´Boreal´. [...]},
keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13883904,agricultural-resources,biodiversity,biodiversity-indicator,bird-conservation,common-bird-index,forest-resources,indicators,indices}
}
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The rationale behind the construction of composite indicators is that each species is seen as a replicate that may respond in the same way to environmental drivers as the other species and repeats the same signal. [] After the supranational species indices have been produced, species are checked for their suitability to be included in the indicators. If a species trend (i.e. multiplicative trend) is classified as ´uncertain´ AND if the index value is $>$ 200 % or $<$ 5 %, data are considered doubtful and the species index and data quality are examined in detail. The decision to exclude such a species from an indicator depends on whether this species was already used in previous versions of the indicators, whether better data can be expected in the near future and whether index fluctuation is believed to be caused either by poor data or by other reasons linked to methodology. [] To produce multispecies indicators, we average indices rather than abundances in order to give each species an equal weight in the resulting indicators. We use geometric means rather than arithmetic means because we consider an index change from 100 to 200 as to be equivalent but opposite to a decrease from 100 to 50. Another benefit of the geometric mean is that it is the natural scale since populations grow geometrically, not arithmetically. Also, it tends to dampen extreme fluctuations and acts to reduce bias. The composite geometric mean captures the average behaviour of the constituent species. [Excerpt: Species selection and classification] To produce common bird indicators, species that are to be included have to be selected and classified according to habitat types in Europe. [] So far, three versions of our PECBMS European species selection/classification have been produced and used. Initially based on expert judgment and comprising only a limited number of species, the procedure has developed to a more formal classification of species at the level of bio-geographical regions and more than 100 species are nowadays used to produce indicators. [] The first set of European indicators was based on 47 common bird species. They were classified by the national coordinators of monitoring schemes and other experts who met at the PECBMS workshop in Prague in 2002 (read the report in the Bird Census News 16/1). The second set of European indicators comprised an enlarged species set, classified according to the publication by Tucker & Evans (1997). Since 2007, when the third set of European indicators was produced, the species classification is based on assessments within bio-geographical regions in Europe, as described below. [] The recommendation to classify species at the level of bio-geographical regions in Europe comes from a PECBMS mini workshop held in March 2005 in Lednice, Czech Republic. It would take into account that birds do slightly different things in different places, so that for instance a bird species that is to be considered as a forest species in one region may qualify as a generalist species elsewhere. Also, it would make better use of local expertise. [] The procedure initiated in Lednice was approved and developed further at the PECBMS workshop in Prague, Czech Republic, in September 2005 (read the report in the Bird Census News 19/1). Regional coordinators, who were responsible for the production of regional species lists in cooperation with all relevant experts within their regions, were appointed and a time schedule was approved. Distinguished regions were: ´Continental´, ´Atlantic´, ´Mediterranean´, and ´Boreal´. 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The rationale behind the construction of composite indicators is that each species is seen as a replicate that may respond in the same way to environmental drivers as the other species and repeats the same signal.\n\n[] After the supranational species indices have been produced, species are checked for their suitability to be included in the indicators. If a species trend (i.e. multiplicative trend) is classified as ´uncertain´ AND if the index value is {$>$} 200 \\% or {$<$} 5 \\%, data are considered doubtful and the species index and data quality are examined in detail. The decision to exclude such a species from an indicator depends on whether this species was already used in previous versions of the indicators, whether better data can be expected in the near future and whether index fluctuation is believed to be caused either by poor data or by other reasons linked to methodology.\n\n[] To produce multispecies indicators, we average indices rather than abundances in order to give each species an equal weight in the resulting indicators. We use geometric means rather than arithmetic means because we consider an index change from 100 to 200 as to be equivalent but opposite to a decrease from 100 to 50. Another benefit of the geometric mean is that it is the natural scale since populations grow geometrically, not arithmetically. Also, it tends to dampen extreme fluctuations and acts to reduce bias. The composite geometric mean captures the average behaviour of the constituent species. \n\n[Excerpt: Species selection and classification] To produce common bird indicators, species that are to be included have to be selected and classified according to habitat types in Europe.\n\n[] So far, three versions of our PECBMS European species selection/classification have been produced and used. Initially based on expert judgment and comprising only a limited number of species, the procedure has developed to a more formal classification of species at the level of bio-geographical regions and more than 100 species are nowadays used to produce indicators.\n\n[] The first set of European indicators was based on 47 common bird species. They were classified by the national coordinators of monitoring schemes and other experts who met at the PECBMS workshop in Prague in 2002 (read the report in the Bird Census News 16/1). The second set of European indicators comprised an enlarged species set, classified according to the publication by Tucker \\& Evans (1997). Since 2007, when the third set of European indicators was produced, the species classification is based on assessments within bio-geographical regions in Europe, as described below.\n\n[] The recommendation to classify species at the level of bio-geographical regions in Europe comes from a PECBMS mini workshop held in March 2005 in Lednice, Czech Republic. It would take into account that birds do slightly different things in different places, so that for instance a bird species that is to be considered as a forest species in one region may qualify as a generalist species elsewhere. Also, it would make better use of local expertise.\n\n[] The procedure initiated in Lednice was approved and developed further at the PECBMS workshop in Prague, Czech Republic, in September 2005 (read the report in the Bird Census News 19/1). Regional coordinators, who were responsible for the production of regional species lists in cooperation with all relevant experts within their regions, were appointed and a time schedule was approved. Distinguished regions were: ´Continental´, ´Atlantic´, ´Mediterranean´, and ´Boreal´. 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