Modeling Rock Failure around a Circular Opening. Fakhimi, A. A. & Labuz, J. F. In Discrete Element Methods, of Proceedings, pages 323–328. April, 2012.
Modeling Rock Failure around a Circular Opening [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Many researchers have modeled the failure behavior of rock around underground openings. One approach is to assume an elastic-plastic continuum behavior for rock. To simulate stress-induced degradation, the material description should include softening plasticity. On the other hand, the numerical modeling of a softening material suffers from mesh sensitivity. To resolve this difficulty, the idea of non-local continua has been used by some researchers. In non-local plasticity, the stress at any point is a function of the average of strain around that point. Zietlow and Labuz have shown that the size of the averaging zone depends on the grain size. The distinct element approach is another alternative to model the softening i: behavior of rock. In the PFC2D program, which will be used in this paper, the rock is considered as a conglomerate of rigid circular particles. The interaction between particles is elastic through normal and shear springs. If the normal or shear traction between two particles exceeds the bond strength, the corresponding contact will break. A broken contact does not have tensile strength, but in shear it behaves as a Mohr-Coulomb frictional material. By simulating the rock behavior as an assembly of distinct particles, crack propagation and softening behavior of rock around a circular opening in Berea sandstone will be studied. The results of the numerical test will be compared with those of a laboratory biaxial experiment.
@incollection{fakhimi_modeling_2012,
	series = {Proceedings},
	title = {Modeling {Rock} {Failure} around a {Circular} {Opening}},
	isbn = {978-0-7844-0647-2},
	url = {https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/40647%28259%2957},
	abstract = {Many researchers have modeled the failure behavior of rock around underground openings. One approach is to assume an elastic-plastic continuum behavior for rock. To simulate stress-induced degradation, the material description should include softening plasticity. On the other hand, the numerical modeling of a softening material suffers from mesh sensitivity. To resolve this difficulty, the idea of non-local continua has been used by some researchers. In non-local plasticity, the stress at any point is a function of the average of strain around that point. Zietlow and Labuz have shown that the size of the averaging zone depends on the grain size. The distinct element approach is another alternative to model the softening i: behavior of rock. In the PFC2D program, which will be used in this paper, the rock is considered as a conglomerate of rigid circular particles. The interaction between particles is elastic through normal and shear springs. If the normal or shear traction between two particles exceeds the bond strength, the corresponding contact will break. A broken contact does not have tensile strength, but in shear it behaves as a Mohr-Coulomb frictional material. By simulating the rock behavior as an assembly of distinct particles, crack propagation and softening behavior of rock around a circular opening in Berea sandstone will be studied. The results of the numerical test will be compared with those of a laboratory biaxial experiment.},
	urldate = {2025-04-07},
	booktitle = {Discrete {Element} {Methods}},
	author = {Fakhimi, Ahmad Ali and Labuz, Joseph F.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2012},
	doi = {10.1061/40647(259)57},
	pages = {323--328},
}

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