@incollection{farjonPiceaAbiesVersion2013,
  title = {Picea Abies - {{Version}} 2014.3},
  booktitle = {The {{IUCN Red List}} of {{Threatened Species}}},
  author = {Farjon, A.},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {42318/0+},
  abstract = {[Excerpt] Picea abies is the most abundant, if not widespread conifer in Europe. As such, it is assessed as Least Concern.

[::Common Name(s)] 

[::]English - Norway Spruce

[::]French - Epic\'ea commun

[::Taxonomic Notes] Two varieties are recognized: the typical variety is found almost throughout the range of the species. Picea abies var. acuminata~(Beck) Dallim has a more limited distribution in the Jura, Alps, Carpathian Mts., southern Norway, Sweden. Neither taxon is regarded as threatened and hence they are not assessed separately.

[::Range Description] Recorded from central (on mountains), northern and eastern Europe, eastward to the Ural Mts., where the species merges with P. obovata. The extent of occurrence and area of occupancy are both in excess of the thresholds for a threatened category.

[::Countries] Native:Albania; Austria; Bulgaria; Czech Republic; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Italy; Montenegro; Norway; Poland; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia (Serbia); Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey; Ukraine

[::Population]  The population is thought to be stable.

[::Habitat and Ecology]  Picea abies is widespread and dominant in Boreal conifer forests of N and NE Europe, where it replaces Pinus sylvestris on wetter sites because Picea abies can avoid the water table with a very shallow root system. Ocurs from sea level up to 2,000 m. The natural distribution shows continental tendencies but in the western mountains of Central Europe an ecotype has evolved that is adapted to sub-Atlantic weather conditions with heavy 'wet' snowfall in early winter. Its inability to compete with more shade tolerant Abies alba and Fagus sylvatica as well as historical factors have limited its natural expansion into W Europe. In the Alps Picea abies occupies the montane to subalpine zones (dependent on local climate) especially on moist sites and in cold air pockets. Although it can occur on most substrates, acidic soils are most common and widespread as is testified by the undergrowth, if present, of ericaceous shrubs and sub-shrubs. Commonly growing with Picea abies in the Boreal forests are Betula sp. and Populus tremula, with willows (Salix) alongside streams and lakes. In the Alps Picea abies occurs with Larix decidua, Pinus cembra, and P. sylvestris or P. nigra, if not in pure stands. In E Europe, Picea abies is a constituent of mixed conifer-broad-leaved woodland from the Bialowiecza Forest in the north to the valleys of the eastern Alps and the Carpatians.

[::Use and Trade]  Norway Spruce is an important timber tree in Europe, where outside the Boreal forest zone most commercial timber is now harvested from plantations or from managed forests in which other trees are suppressed. Forestry has expanded the range of this species considerably further west. The wood is used for pulpwood as well as construction, furniture (most of the popular 'pine' furniture is made with wood from Norway Spruce), and special uses like the sound boards of pianos and the bodies of guitars and violins. The famous Stradivarius violins were made with wood of Norway Spruce from the Alps. In Europe this species is the most popular Christmas tree, a tradition that actually started in Germany, with the extensive afforestation beginning in the 18th century. Norway Spruce is not much planted as an amenity tree, but in horticulture more than 200 cultivars have been selected, with different habits including 'weeping', prostrate and dwarf forms, red, white or yellow flushing leaf forms, and (other) monstrosities.

[::Major Threat(s)]  No specific range wide threats have been identified for this species or either of its varieties.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13301020,ecology,economics,forest-resources,iucn,iucn-least-concern-lc,picea-abies,species-distribution},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13301020}
}

{"_id":"Tcxqxfe4JxHRpFkxG","bibbaseid":"farjon-piceaabiesversion20143-2013","downloads":0,"creationDate":"2016-06-22T10:19:55.519Z","title":"Picea Abies - Version 2014.3","author_short":["Farjon, A."],"year":2013,"bibtype":"incollection","biburl":"https://sharefast.me/php/download.php?id=zOUKvA&token=29","bibdata":{"bibtype":"incollection","type":"incollection","title":"Picea Abies - Version 2014.3","booktitle":"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Farjon"],"firstnames":["A."],"suffixes":[]}],"year":"2013","pages":"42318/0+","abstract":"[Excerpt] Picea abies is the most abundant, if not widespread conifer in Europe. As such, it is assessed as Least Concern. [::Common Name(s)] [::]English - Norway Spruce [::]French - Epicéa commun [::Taxonomic Notes] Two varieties are recognized: the typical variety is found almost throughout the range of the species. Picea abies var. acuminata~(Beck) Dallim has a more limited distribution in the Jura, Alps, Carpathian Mts., southern Norway, Sweden. Neither taxon is regarded as threatened and hence they are not assessed separately. [::Range Description] Recorded from central (on mountains), northern and eastern Europe, eastward to the Ural Mts., where the species merges with P. obovata. The extent of occurrence and area of occupancy are both in excess of the thresholds for a threatened category. [::Countries] Native:Albania; Austria; Bulgaria; Czech Republic; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Italy; Montenegro; Norway; Poland; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia (Serbia); Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey; Ukraine [::Population] The population is thought to be stable. [::Habitat and Ecology] Picea abies is widespread and dominant in Boreal conifer forests of N and NE Europe, where it replaces Pinus sylvestris on wetter sites because Picea abies can avoid the water table with a very shallow root system. Ocurs from sea level up to 2,000 m. The natural distribution shows continental tendencies but in the western mountains of Central Europe an ecotype has evolved that is adapted to sub-Atlantic weather conditions with heavy 'wet' snowfall in early winter. Its inability to compete with more shade tolerant Abies alba and Fagus sylvatica as well as historical factors have limited its natural expansion into W Europe. In the Alps Picea abies occupies the montane to subalpine zones (dependent on local climate) especially on moist sites and in cold air pockets. Although it can occur on most substrates, acidic soils are most common and widespread as is testified by the undergrowth, if present, of ericaceous shrubs and sub-shrubs. Commonly growing with Picea abies in the Boreal forests are Betula sp. and Populus tremula, with willows (Salix) alongside streams and lakes. In the Alps Picea abies occurs with Larix decidua, Pinus cembra, and P. sylvestris or P. nigra, if not in pure stands. In E Europe, Picea abies is a constituent of mixed conifer-broad-leaved woodland from the Bialowiecza Forest in the north to the valleys of the eastern Alps and the Carpatians. [::Use and Trade] Norway Spruce is an important timber tree in Europe, where outside the Boreal forest zone most commercial timber is now harvested from plantations or from managed forests in which other trees are suppressed. Forestry has expanded the range of this species considerably further west. The wood is used for pulpwood as well as construction, furniture (most of the popular 'pine' furniture is made with wood from Norway Spruce), and special uses like the sound boards of pianos and the bodies of guitars and violins. The famous Stradivarius violins were made with wood of Norway Spruce from the Alps. In Europe this species is the most popular Christmas tree, a tradition that actually started in Germany, with the extensive afforestation beginning in the 18th century. Norway Spruce is not much planted as an amenity tree, but in horticulture more than 200 cultivars have been selected, with different habits including 'weeping', prostrate and dwarf forms, red, white or yellow flushing leaf forms, and (other) monstrosities. [::Major Threat(s)] No specific range wide threats have been identified for this species or either of its varieties.","keywords":"*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13301020,ecology,economics,forest-resources,iucn,iucn-least-concern-lc,picea-abies,species-distribution","lccn":"INRMM-MiD:c-13301020","bibtex":"@incollection{farjonPiceaAbiesVersion2013,\n title = {Picea Abies - {{Version}} 2014.3},\n booktitle = {The {{IUCN Red List}} of {{Threatened Species}}},\n author = {Farjon, A.},\n year = {2013},\n pages = {42318/0+},\n abstract = {[Excerpt] Picea abies is the most abundant, if not widespread conifer in Europe. As such, it is assessed as Least Concern.\n\n[::Common Name(s)] \n\n[::]English - Norway Spruce\n\n[::]French - Epic\\'ea commun\n\n[::Taxonomic Notes] Two varieties are recognized: the typical variety is found almost throughout the range of the species. Picea abies var. acuminata~(Beck) Dallim has a more limited distribution in the Jura, Alps, Carpathian Mts., southern Norway, Sweden. Neither taxon is regarded as threatened and hence they are not assessed separately.\n\n[::Range Description] Recorded from central (on mountains), northern and eastern Europe, eastward to the Ural Mts., where the species merges with P. obovata. The extent of occurrence and area of occupancy are both in excess of the thresholds for a threatened category.\n\n[::Countries] Native:Albania; Austria; Bulgaria; Czech Republic; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Italy; Montenegro; Norway; Poland; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia (Serbia); Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey; Ukraine\n\n[::Population] The population is thought to be stable.\n\n[::Habitat and Ecology] Picea abies is widespread and dominant in Boreal conifer forests of N and NE Europe, where it replaces Pinus sylvestris on wetter sites because Picea abies can avoid the water table with a very shallow root system. Ocurs from sea level up to 2,000 m. The natural distribution shows continental tendencies but in the western mountains of Central Europe an ecotype has evolved that is adapted to sub-Atlantic weather conditions with heavy 'wet' snowfall in early winter. Its inability to compete with more shade tolerant Abies alba and Fagus sylvatica as well as historical factors have limited its natural expansion into W Europe. In the Alps Picea abies occupies the montane to subalpine zones (dependent on local climate) especially on moist sites and in cold air pockets. Although it can occur on most substrates, acidic soils are most common and widespread as is testified by the undergrowth, if present, of ericaceous shrubs and sub-shrubs. Commonly growing with Picea abies in the Boreal forests are Betula sp. and Populus tremula, with willows (Salix) alongside streams and lakes. In the Alps Picea abies occurs with Larix decidua, Pinus cembra, and P. sylvestris or P. nigra, if not in pure stands. In E Europe, Picea abies is a constituent of mixed conifer-broad-leaved woodland from the Bialowiecza Forest in the north to the valleys of the eastern Alps and the Carpatians.\n\n[::Use and Trade] Norway Spruce is an important timber tree in Europe, where outside the Boreal forest zone most commercial timber is now harvested from plantations or from managed forests in which other trees are suppressed. Forestry has expanded the range of this species considerably further west. The wood is used for pulpwood as well as construction, furniture (most of the popular 'pine' furniture is made with wood from Norway Spruce), and special uses like the sound boards of pianos and the bodies of guitars and violins. The famous Stradivarius violins were made with wood of Norway Spruce from the Alps. In Europe this species is the most popular Christmas tree, a tradition that actually started in Germany, with the extensive afforestation beginning in the 18th century. Norway Spruce is not much planted as an amenity tree, but in horticulture more than 200 cultivars have been selected, with different habits including 'weeping', prostrate and dwarf forms, red, white or yellow flushing leaf forms, and (other) monstrosities.\n\n[::Major Threat(s)] No specific range wide threats have been identified for this species or either of its varieties.},\n keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13301020,ecology,economics,forest-resources,iucn,iucn-least-concern-lc,picea-abies,species-distribution},\n lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13301020}\n}\n\n","author_short":["Farjon, A."],"key":"farjonPiceaAbiesVersion2013","id":"farjonPiceaAbiesVersion2013","bibbaseid":"farjon-piceaabiesversion20143-2013","role":"author","urls":{},"keyword":["*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM","~INRMM-MiD:c-13301020","ecology","economics","forest-resources","iucn","iucn-least-concern-lc","picea-abies","species-distribution"],"downloads":0},"search_terms":["picea","abies","version","2014","farjon"],"keywords":["ecology","economics","forest-resources","iucn","iucn-least-concern-lc","picea-abies","species-distribution","*imported-from-citeulike-inrmm","~inrmm-mid:c-13301020"],"authorIDs":[],"dataSources":["5S2zj2hKW8TWTkuMq"]}