@Article{Favre2008,
  Title                    = {Ambulatory Measurement of 3D Knee Joint Angle},
  Author                   = {Favre, J. and Jolles, B. M. and Aissaoui, R. and Aminian, K.},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Biomechanics},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Pages                    = {1029--1035},
  Volume                   = {41},

  Abstract                 = {Three-dimensional measurement of joint motion is a promising tool for clinical evaluation and therapeutic treatment comparisons. Although many devices exist for joints kinematics assessment, there is a need for a system that could be used in routine practice. Such a system should be accurate, ambulatory, and easy to use. The combination of gyroscopes and accelerometers (i.e., inertial measurement unit) has proven to be suitable for unrestrained measurement of orientation during a short period of time (i.e., few minutes). However, due to their inability to detect horizontal reference, inertial-based systems generally fail to measure differential orientation, a prerequisite for computing the three-dimentional knee joint angle recommended by the Internal Society of Biomechanics (ISB). A simple method based on a leg movement is proposed here to align two inertial measurement units fixed on the thigh and shank segments. Based on the combination of the former alignment and a fusion algorithm, the three-dimensional knee joint angle is measured and compared with a magnetic motion capture system during walking. The proposed system is suitable to measure the absolute knee flexion/extension and abduction/adduction angles with mean (SD) offset errors of -1� (1�) and 0� (0.6�) and mean (SD) root mean square (RMS) errors of 1.5� (0.4�) and 1.7� (0.5�). The system is also suitable for the relative measurement of knee internal/external rotation (mean (SD) offset error of 3.4� (2.7�)) with a mean (SD) RMS error of 1.6� (0.5�). The method described in this paper can be easily adapted in order to measure other joint angular displacements such as elbow or ankle.},
  Doi                      = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.12.003},
  ISSN                     = {0021-9290},
  Keywords                 = {Knee},
  Review                   = {Motion type: Assorted. Overlaps on knee flexion
Recovery methodology: 2 6DOF IMU (240 Hz)
Verification technique: Liberty magnetic tracking device
Subject demographics: 10 healthy adults
Error reported: RMS deg. 1.5� (SD = 0.4�)},
  Timestamp                = {2012.02.06},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021929007005350}
}

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M.","Aissaoui, R.","Aminian, K."],"year":2008,"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jfslin/jfslin.github.io/master/jf2lin.bib","bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Ambulatory Measurement of 3D Knee Joint Angle","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Favre"],"firstnames":["J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Jolles"],"firstnames":["B.","M."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Aissaoui"],"firstnames":["R."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Aminian"],"firstnames":["K."],"suffixes":[]}],"journal":"Journal of Biomechanics","year":"2008","pages":"1029--1035","volume":"41","abstract":"Three-dimensional measurement of joint motion is a promising tool for clinical evaluation and therapeutic treatment comparisons. Although many devices exist for joints kinematics assessment, there is a need for a system that could be used in routine practice. Such a system should be accurate, ambulatory, and easy to use. The combination of gyroscopes and accelerometers (i.e., inertial measurement unit) has proven to be suitable for unrestrained measurement of orientation during a short period of time (i.e., few minutes). However, due to their inability to detect horizontal reference, inertial-based systems generally fail to measure differential orientation, a prerequisite for computing the three-dimentional knee joint angle recommended by the Internal Society of Biomechanics (ISB). A simple method based on a leg movement is proposed here to align two inertial measurement units fixed on the thigh and shank segments. Based on the combination of the former alignment and a fusion algorithm, the three-dimensional knee joint angle is measured and compared with a magnetic motion capture system during walking. The proposed system is suitable to measure the absolute knee flexion/extension and abduction/adduction angles with mean (SD) offset errors of -1� (1�) and 0� (0.6�) and mean (SD) root mean square (RMS) errors of 1.5� (0.4�) and 1.7� (0.5�). The system is also suitable for the relative measurement of knee internal/external rotation (mean (SD) offset error of 3.4� (2.7�)) with a mean (SD) RMS error of 1.6� (0.5�). The method described in this paper can be easily adapted in order to measure other joint angular displacements such as elbow or ankle.","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.12.003","issn":"0021-9290","keywords":"Knee","review":"Motion type: Assorted. Overlaps on knee flexion Recovery methodology: 2 6DOF IMU (240 Hz) Verification technique: Liberty magnetic tracking device Subject demographics: 10 healthy adults Error reported: RMS deg. 1.5� (SD = 0.4�)","timestamp":"2012.02.06","url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021929007005350","bibtex":"@Article{Favre2008,\n Title = {Ambulatory Measurement of 3D Knee Joint Angle},\n Author = {Favre, J. and Jolles, B. M. and Aissaoui, R. and Aminian, K.},\n Journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},\n Year = {2008},\n Pages = {1029--1035},\n Volume = {41},\n\n Abstract = {Three-dimensional measurement of joint motion is a promising tool for clinical evaluation and therapeutic treatment comparisons. Although many devices exist for joints kinematics assessment, there is a need for a system that could be used in routine practice. Such a system should be accurate, ambulatory, and easy to use. The combination of gyroscopes and accelerometers (i.e., inertial measurement unit) has proven to be suitable for unrestrained measurement of orientation during a short period of time (i.e., few minutes). However, due to their inability to detect horizontal reference, inertial-based systems generally fail to measure differential orientation, a prerequisite for computing the three-dimentional knee joint angle recommended by the Internal Society of Biomechanics (ISB). A simple method based on a leg movement is proposed here to align two inertial measurement units fixed on the thigh and shank segments. Based on the combination of the former alignment and a fusion algorithm, the three-dimensional knee joint angle is measured and compared with a magnetic motion capture system during walking. The proposed system is suitable to measure the absolute knee flexion/extension and abduction/adduction angles with mean (SD) offset errors of -1� (1�) and 0� (0.6�) and mean (SD) root mean square (RMS) errors of 1.5� (0.4�) and 1.7� (0.5�). The system is also suitable for the relative measurement of knee internal/external rotation (mean (SD) offset error of 3.4� (2.7�)) with a mean (SD) RMS error of 1.6� (0.5�). The method described in this paper can be easily adapted in order to measure other joint angular displacements such as elbow or ankle.},\n Doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.12.003},\n ISSN = {0021-9290},\n Keywords = {Knee},\n Review = {Motion type: Assorted. Overlaps on knee flexion\nRecovery methodology: 2 6DOF IMU (240 Hz)\nVerification technique: Liberty magnetic tracking device\nSubject demographics: 10 healthy adults\nError reported: RMS deg. 1.5� (SD = 0.4�)},\n Timestamp = {2012.02.06},\n Url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021929007005350}\n}\n\n","author_short":["Favre, J.","Jolles, B. M.","Aissaoui, R.","Aminian, K."],"key":"Favre2008","id":"Favre2008","bibbaseid":"favre-jolles-aissaoui-aminian-ambulatorymeasurementof3dkneejointangle-2008","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021929007005350"},"keyword":["Knee"],"downloads":0},"search_terms":["ambulatory","measurement","knee","joint","angle","favre","jolles","aissaoui","aminian"],"keywords":["knee"],"authorIDs":[],"dataSources":["iCsmKnycRmHPxmhBd"]}