Coastal sea level changes in Europe from GPS, tide gauge, satellite altimetry and GRACE, 1993–2011. Feng, G., Jin, S., & Zhang, T. Advances in Space Research, 51(6):1019–1028, March, 2013. Number: 6
Coastal sea level changes in Europe from GPS, tide gauge, satellite altimetry and GRACE, 1993–2011 [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Sea level changes are threatening the human living environments, particularly along the European Coasts with highly dense population. In this paper, coastal sea level changes in western and southern Europe are investigated for the period 1993–2011 using Global Positioning System (GPS), Tide Gauge (TG), Satellite Altimetry (SA), Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and geophysical models. The mean secular trend is 2.26±0.52mm/y from satellite altimetry, 2.43±0.61mm/y from TG+GPS and 1.99±0.67mm/y from GRACE mass plus steric components, which have a remarkably good agreement. For the seasonal variations, annual amplitudes of satellite altimetry and TG+GPS results are almost similar, while GRACE Mass+Steric results are a little smaller. The annual phases agree remarkably well for three independent techniques. The annual cycle is mainly driven by the steric contributions, while the annual phases of non-steric (mass component) sea level changes are almost a half year later than the steric sea level changes.
@article{feng_coastal_2013,
	series = {Recent progresses on {Beidou}/{COMPASS} and other {Global} {Navigation} {Satellite} {Systems} ({GNSS}) - {I}},
	title = {Coastal sea level changes in {Europe} from {GPS}, tide gauge, satellite altimetry and {GRACE}, 1993–2011},
	volume = {51},
	issn = {0273-1177},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273117712005832},
	doi = {10.1016/j.asr.2012.09.011},
	abstract = {Sea level changes are threatening the human living environments, particularly along the European Coasts with highly dense population. In this paper, coastal sea level changes in western and southern Europe are investigated for the period 1993–2011 using Global Positioning System (GPS), Tide Gauge (TG), Satellite Altimetry (SA), Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and geophysical models. The mean secular trend is 2.26±0.52mm/y from satellite altimetry, 2.43±0.61mm/y from TG+GPS and 1.99±0.67mm/y from GRACE mass plus steric components, which have a remarkably good agreement. For the seasonal variations, annual amplitudes of satellite altimetry and TG+GPS results are almost similar, while GRACE Mass+Steric results are a little smaller. The annual phases agree remarkably well for three independent techniques. The annual cycle is mainly driven by the steric contributions, while the annual phases of non-steric (mass component) sea level changes are almost a half year later than the steric sea level changes.},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2019-04-17},
	journal = {Advances in Space Research},
	author = {Feng, Guiping and Jin, S. and Zhang, T.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Number: 6},
	keywords = {GPS, Tide gauge, Satellite altimetry, GRACE, Sea level change},
	pages = {1019--1028}
}

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