Electrochemical reaction in single layer MoS<inf>2</inf>: Nanopores opened atom by atom. Feng, J., Liu, K., Graf, M., Lihter, M., Bulushev, R., D., Dumcenco, D., Alexander, D., T., L., Krasnozhon, D., Vuletic, T., Kis, A., & Radenovic, A. Nano Letters, 15(5):3431-3438, 2015.
abstract   bibtex   
Ultrathin nanopore membranes based on 2D materials have demonstrated ultimate resolution toward DNA sequencing. Among them, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) shows long-term stability as well as superior sensitivity enabling high throughput performance. The traditional method of fabricating nanopores with nanometer precision is based on the use of focused electron beams in transmission electron microscope (TEM). This nanopore fabrication process is time-consuming, expensive, not scalable, and hard to control below 1 nm. Here, we exploited the electrochemical activity of MoS2 and developed a convenient and scalable method to controllably make nanopores in single-layer MoS2 with subnanometer precision using electrochemical reaction (ECR). The electrochemical reaction on the surface of single-layer MoS2 is initiated at the location of defects or single atom vacancy, followed by the successive removals of individual atoms or unit cells from single-layer MoS2 lattice and finally formation of a nanopore. Step-like features in the ionic current through the growing nanopore provide direct feedback on the nanopore size inferred from a widely used conductance vs pore size model. Furthermore, DNA translocations can be detected in situ when as-fabricated MoS2 nanopores are used. The atomic resolution and accessibility of this approach paves the way for mass production of nanopores in 2D membranes for potential solid-state nanopore sequencing.
@article{
 title = {Electrochemical reaction in single layer MoS<inf>2</inf>: Nanopores opened atom by atom},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {2D materials,DNA translocation,Solid-state nanopores,electrochemical reaction (ECR),molybdenum disulfide (MoS<inf>2</inf>)},
 pages = {3431-3438},
 volume = {15},
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 abstract = {Ultrathin nanopore membranes based on 2D materials have demonstrated ultimate resolution toward DNA sequencing. Among them, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) shows long-term stability as well as superior sensitivity enabling high throughput performance. The traditional method of fabricating nanopores with nanometer precision is based on the use of focused electron beams in transmission electron microscope (TEM). This nanopore fabrication process is time-consuming, expensive, not scalable, and hard to control below 1 nm. Here, we exploited the electrochemical activity of MoS2 and developed a convenient and scalable method to controllably make nanopores in single-layer MoS2 with subnanometer precision using electrochemical reaction (ECR). The electrochemical reaction on the surface of single-layer MoS2 is initiated at the location of defects or single atom vacancy, followed by the successive removals of individual atoms or unit cells from single-layer MoS2 lattice and finally formation of a nanopore. Step-like features in the ionic current through the growing nanopore provide direct feedback on the nanopore size inferred from a widely used conductance vs pore size model. Furthermore, DNA translocations can be detected in situ when as-fabricated MoS2 nanopores are used. The atomic resolution and accessibility of this approach paves the way for mass production of nanopores in 2D membranes for potential solid-state nanopore sequencing.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Feng, J. and Liu, K. and Graf, M. and Lihter, M. and Bulushev, R. D. and Dumcenco, D. and Alexander, Duncan T L and Krasnozhon, D. and Vuletic, T. and Kis, A. and Radenovic, A.},
 journal = {Nano Letters},
 number = {5}
}

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