Rethinking the Ancient Sulfur Cycle. Fike, D., A., Bradley, A., S., & Rose, C., V. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 43(1):593-622, 2015.
Rethinking the Ancient Sulfur Cycle [link]Website  doi  abstract   bibtex   
The sulfur biogeochemical cycle integrates the metabolic activity ofmultiple microbial pathways (e.g., sulfate reduction, disproportionation, and sulfide oxidation) along with abiotic reactions and geological processes that cycle sulfur through various reservoirs. The sulfur cycle impacts the global carbon cycle and climate primarily through the remineralization of organic carbon. Over geological timescales, cycling of sulfur is closely tied to the redox state of Earth’s exosphere through the burial of oxidized (sulfate) and reduced (sulfide) sulfur species in marine sediments. Biological sulfur cycling is associated with isotopic fractionations that can be used to trace the fluxes through various metabolic pathways. The resulting isotopic data provide insights into sulfur cycling in both modern and ancient environments via isotopic signatures in sedimentary sulfate and sulfide phases. Here, we review the deep-time δ34S record of marine sulfates and sulfides in light of recent advances in understanding how isotopic signatures are generated by microbial activity, how these signatures are encoded in marine sediments, and how they may be altered following deposition. The resulting picture shows a sulfur cycle intimately coupled to ambient carbon cycling, where sulfur isotopic records preserved in sedimentary rocks are critically depen- dent on sedimentological and geochemical conditions (e.g., iron availability) during deposition.
@article{
 title = {Rethinking the Ancient Sulfur Cycle},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {carbonate-associated sulfate,microbial sulfate reduction,pyrite,seawater sulfate,sulfur isotopes},
 pages = {593-622},
 volume = {43},
 websites = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-earth-060313-054802},
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 abstract = {The sulfur biogeochemical cycle integrates the metabolic activity ofmultiple microbial pathways (e.g., sulfate reduction, disproportionation, and sulfide oxidation) along with abiotic reactions and geological processes that cycle sulfur through various reservoirs. The sulfur cycle impacts the global carbon cycle and climate primarily through the remineralization of organic carbon. Over geological timescales, cycling of sulfur is closely tied to the redox state of Earth’s exosphere through the burial of oxidized (sulfate) and reduced (sulfide) sulfur species in marine sediments. Biological sulfur cycling is associated with isotopic fractionations that can be used to trace the fluxes through various metabolic pathways. The resulting isotopic data provide insights into sulfur cycling in both modern and ancient environments via isotopic signatures in sedimentary sulfate and sulfide phases. Here, we review the deep-time δ34S record of marine sulfates and sulfides in light of recent advances in understanding how isotopic signatures are generated by microbial activity, how these signatures are encoded in marine sediments, and how they may be altered following deposition. The resulting picture shows a sulfur cycle intimately coupled to ambient carbon cycling, where sulfur isotopic records preserved in sedimentary rocks are critically depen- dent on sedimentological and geochemical conditions (e.g., iron availability) during deposition.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Fike, David A. and Bradley, Alexander S. and Rose, Catherine V.},
 doi = {10.1146/annurev-earth-060313-054802},
 journal = {Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences},
 number = {1}
}

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