@Article{Finn2007,
  author   = {Ian M Finn and Nicholas J Priebe and David Ferster},
  journal  = {Neuron},
  title    = {The emergence of contrast-invariant orientation tuning in simple cells of cat visual cortex.},
  year     = {2007},
  number   = {1},
  pages    = {137-52},
  volume   = {54},
  abstract = {Simple cells in primary visual cortex exhibit contrast-invariant orientation
	tuning, in seeming contradiction to feed-forward models that rely
	on lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) input alone. Contrast invariance
	has therefore been thought to depend on the presence of intracortical
	lateral inhibition. In vivo intracellular recordings instead suggest
	that contrast invariance can be explained by three properties of
	the excitatory pathway. (1) Depolarizations evoked by orthogonal
	stimuli are determined by the amount of excitation a cell receives
	from the LGN, relative to the excitation it receives from other cortical
	cells. (2) Depolarizations evoked by preferred stimuli saturate at
	lower contrasts than the spike output of LGN relay cells. (3) Visual
	stimuli evoke contrast-dependent changes in trial-to-trial variability,
	which lead to contrast-dependent changes in the relationship between
	membrane potential and spike rate. Thus, high-contrast, orthogonally
	oriented stimuli that evoke significant depolarizations evoke few
	spikes. Together these mechanisms, without lateral inhibition, can
	account for contrast-invariant stimulus selectivity.},
  doi      = {10.1016/j.neuron.2007.02.029},
  keywords = {17408583},
}

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