Bilingualism and biculturism as individual and as societal phenomena

Bilingualism and biculturism as individual and as societal phenomena. Fishman, J. A. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1(1):3–15, January, 1980.

Paper doi abstract bibtex

Just as diglossia is the stable, societal counterpart to individual bilingualism, so di‐ethnia is the stable, societal counterpart to individual biculturism. Di‐ethnia requires societal compartmentalization as well as institutionally protected functional specificity. These desiderata are hard to attain and to retain — both ideologically and structurally — under “modern”, interactive, mobile and individualistic urban industrial conditions. However, some groups have, intuitively or consciously, displayed a talent for exactly such arrangements. Much of bilingual education unknowingly leads to transitional rather than stable accommodations in the areas of language and culture.

@article{fishman_bilingualism_1980,
	title = {Bilingualism and biculturism as individual and as societal phenomena},
	volume = {1},
	issn = {0143-4632},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.1980.9993995},
	doi = {10.1080/01434632.1980.9993995},
	abstract = {Just as diglossia is the stable, societal counterpart to individual bilingualism, so di‐ethnia is the stable, societal counterpart to individual biculturism. Di‐ethnia requires societal compartmentalization as well as institutionally protected functional specificity. These desiderata are hard to attain and to retain — both ideologically and structurally — under “modern”, interactive, mobile and individualistic urban industrial conditions. However, some groups have, intuitively or consciously, displayed a talent for exactly such arrangements. Much of bilingual education unknowingly leads to transitional rather than stable accommodations in the areas of language and culture.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2016-07-21},
	journal = {Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development},
	author = {Fishman, Joshua A.},
	month = jan,
	year = {1980},
	pages = {3--15},
}

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