The efficacy of settlement plate arrays for marine surveillance. Floerl, O., Inglis, G., Peacock, L., & Plew, D. Technical Report No:2012/16, Wellington, New Zealand., August, 2012. ![The efficacy of settlement plate arrays for marine surveillance [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper abstract bibtex Since 2002, the New Zealand government has funded a nationwide programme of targeted surveillance for high-risk marine pest species at a selection of New Zealand’s ports and marinas (“Marine High Risk Site Surveillance”, MHRSS). The current programme relies heavily on visual searches (particularly SCUBA) for detecting sessile high-risk species in port environments. However, in adverse weather conditions and/or low underwater visibility the effectiveness of visual surveys can be impaired, with the associated risk that target species (especially juvenile specimens) may be overlooked. The use of passive detection methods such as settlement arrays has the potential to improve the ability of the MHRSS program to detect founding populations. In 2009-2010, settlement arrays were used as a tool to evaluate the success of the Sabella spallanzanii Local Elimination Programme. No S. spallanzanii recruits were encountered on any of the array surfaces, but the utility of the arrays for marine pest surveillance could not be determined because no attempts had yet been made to evaluate their efficacy for detecting small, founding populations of marine species. The objective of this project was to provide an assessment of the efficacy of settlement arrays in detecting non-indigenous species. The project evaluated the efficacy of settlement arrays, using the survey design from the S. spallanzanii Local Elimination Programme, for four nonindigenous species − Styela clava (Clubbed tunicate); Undaria pinnatifida (Asian kelp); Ciona intestinalis (Vase tunicate); and Sabella spallanzanii (Mediterranean fan-worm) – known to be in Lytellton harbour. Using a combination of literature review, modelling studies, and field and laboratory experiments, the project evaluated: (i) the capacity of settlement arrays to detect marine pest species at different population densities; (ii) the sensitivity of the arrays for the target species; (iii) the spatial and temporal limitations of the settlement arrays; (iv) efficiency measures to increase the efficacy and sensitivity of the arrays; and (v) the interpretation of negative results. The rate at which propagules of the target species were likely to encounter the settlement array surfaces was determined by coupling a hydraulic model with know attributes of the target species. The hydraulic model was developed for Lyttelton Port to calculate the volume of water sampled by array surfaces over an 8-week monitoring period. Literature reviews were conducted to determine the reproductive season, fecundity, fertilisation, propagule lifespan and settlement preferences of the four target species. To determine the sensitivity of the array surfaces for detection of target recruits by an observer, in situ experiments were conducted in Lyttelton Port during which array surfaces were exposed to controlled “doses” of laboratory-spawned propagules. These experiments were conducted for C. intestinalis, S. clava and U. pinnatifida. To calculate the confidence of detection stochastic scenario tree models were developed to combine elements of the target species’ reproductive biology and the attractiveness of array surfaces for each species at: (i) a range of resident population sizes and (ii) a range of sampling efforts. Similar models were constructed to calculate the confidence of detection of each species using existing surveillance methods and sampling effort (SCUBA and benthic sled tows). However, due to the significant uncertainty in parameterising these models confidence in the outputs was low. 2 • Efficacy of Settlement Arrays for Marine Surveillance Ministry for Primary Industries As a consequence of the large uncertainty it was not possible to confidently assert if the use of settlement arrays, along with the existing surveillance program, would significantly alter the likelihood of detecting target species. However, the model has proved to be a robust framework to determine which key parameters require further investigation in order to provide an adequately robust justification for the addition (or not) of settlement arrays to the marine surveillance programme.
@techreport{floerl_efficacy_2012,
address = {Wellington, New Zealand.},
type = {{MPI} {Technical} {Paper}},
title = {The efficacy of settlement plate arrays for marine surveillance},
url = {https://www.mpi.govt.nz/dmsdocument/4041/direct},
abstract = {Since 2002, the New Zealand government has funded a nationwide programme of targeted
surveillance for high-risk marine pest species at a selection of New Zealand’s ports and
marinas (“Marine High Risk Site Surveillance”, MHRSS). The current programme relies
heavily on visual searches (particularly SCUBA) for detecting sessile high-risk species in port
environments. However, in adverse weather conditions and/or low underwater visibility the
effectiveness of visual surveys can be impaired, with the associated risk that target species
(especially juvenile specimens) may be overlooked.
The use of passive detection methods such as settlement arrays has the potential to improve
the ability of the MHRSS program to detect founding populations. In 2009-2010, settlement
arrays were used as a tool to evaluate the success of the Sabella spallanzanii Local
Elimination Programme. No S. spallanzanii recruits were encountered on any of the array
surfaces, but the utility of the arrays for marine pest surveillance could not be determined
because no attempts had yet been made to evaluate their efficacy for detecting small, founding
populations of marine species.
The objective of this project was to provide an assessment of the efficacy of settlement arrays
in detecting non-indigenous species. The project evaluated the efficacy of settlement arrays,
using the survey design from the S. spallanzanii Local Elimination Programme, for four nonindigenous species − Styela clava (Clubbed tunicate); Undaria pinnatifida (Asian kelp);
Ciona intestinalis (Vase tunicate); and Sabella spallanzanii (Mediterranean fan-worm) –
known to be in Lytellton harbour.
Using a combination of literature review, modelling studies, and field and laboratory
experiments, the project evaluated: (i) the capacity of settlement arrays to detect marine pest
species at different population densities; (ii) the sensitivity of the arrays for the target species;
(iii) the spatial and temporal limitations of the settlement arrays; (iv) efficiency measures to
increase the efficacy and sensitivity of the arrays; and (v) the interpretation of negative
results.
The rate at which propagules of the target species were likely to encounter the settlement
array surfaces was determined by coupling a hydraulic model with know attributes of the
target species. The hydraulic model was developed for Lyttelton Port to calculate the volume
of water sampled by array surfaces over an 8-week monitoring period. Literature reviews
were conducted to determine the reproductive season, fecundity, fertilisation, propagule lifespan and settlement preferences of the four target species.
To determine the sensitivity of the array surfaces for detection of target recruits by an
observer, in situ experiments were conducted in Lyttelton Port during which array surfaces
were exposed to controlled “doses” of laboratory-spawned propagules. These experiments
were conducted for C. intestinalis, S. clava and U. pinnatifida.
To calculate the confidence of detection stochastic scenario tree models were developed to
combine elements of the target species’ reproductive biology and the attractiveness of array
surfaces for each species at: (i) a range of resident population sizes and (ii) a range of
sampling efforts. Similar models were constructed to calculate the confidence of detection of
each species using existing surveillance methods and sampling effort (SCUBA and benthic
sled tows). However, due to the significant uncertainty in parameterising these models
confidence in the outputs was low.
2 • Efficacy of Settlement Arrays for Marine Surveillance Ministry for Primary Industries
As a consequence of the large uncertainty it was not possible to confidently assert if the use of
settlement arrays, along with the existing surveillance program, would significantly alter the
likelihood of detecting target species. However, the model has proved to be a robust
framework to determine which key parameters require further investigation in order to
provide an adequately robust justification for the addition (or not) of settlement arrays to the
marine surveillance programme.},
number = {No:2012/16},
urldate = {2020-12-15},
author = {Floerl, Oliver and Inglis, Graeme and Peacock, Lisa and Plew, David},
month = aug,
year = {2012},
pages = {91},
}
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However, in adverse weather conditions and/or low underwater visibility the effectiveness of visual surveys can be impaired, with the associated risk that target species (especially juvenile specimens) may be overlooked. The use of passive detection methods such as settlement arrays has the potential to improve the ability of the MHRSS program to detect founding populations. In 2009-2010, settlement arrays were used as a tool to evaluate the success of the Sabella spallanzanii Local Elimination Programme. No S. spallanzanii recruits were encountered on any of the array surfaces, but the utility of the arrays for marine pest surveillance could not be determined because no attempts had yet been made to evaluate their efficacy for detecting small, founding populations of marine species. The objective of this project was to provide an assessment of the efficacy of settlement arrays in detecting non-indigenous species. The project evaluated the efficacy of settlement arrays, using the survey design from the S. spallanzanii Local Elimination Programme, for four nonindigenous species − Styela clava (Clubbed tunicate); Undaria pinnatifida (Asian kelp); Ciona intestinalis (Vase tunicate); and Sabella spallanzanii (Mediterranean fan-worm) – known to be in Lytellton harbour. Using a combination of literature review, modelling studies, and field and laboratory experiments, the project evaluated: (i) the capacity of settlement arrays to detect marine pest species at different population densities; (ii) the sensitivity of the arrays for the target species; (iii) the spatial and temporal limitations of the settlement arrays; (iv) efficiency measures to increase the efficacy and sensitivity of the arrays; and (v) the interpretation of negative results. The rate at which propagules of the target species were likely to encounter the settlement array surfaces was determined by coupling a hydraulic model with know attributes of the target species. The hydraulic model was developed for Lyttelton Port to calculate the volume of water sampled by array surfaces over an 8-week monitoring period. Literature reviews were conducted to determine the reproductive season, fecundity, fertilisation, propagule lifespan and settlement preferences of the four target species. To determine the sensitivity of the array surfaces for detection of target recruits by an observer, in situ experiments were conducted in Lyttelton Port during which array surfaces were exposed to controlled “doses” of laboratory-spawned propagules. These experiments were conducted for C. intestinalis, S. clava and U. pinnatifida. To calculate the confidence of detection stochastic scenario tree models were developed to combine elements of the target species’ reproductive biology and the attractiveness of array surfaces for each species at: (i) a range of resident population sizes and (ii) a range of sampling efforts. Similar models were constructed to calculate the confidence of detection of each species using existing surveillance methods and sampling effort (SCUBA and benthic sled tows). However, due to the significant uncertainty in parameterising these models confidence in the outputs was low. 2 • Efficacy of Settlement Arrays for Marine Surveillance Ministry for Primary Industries As a consequence of the large uncertainty it was not possible to confidently assert if the use of settlement arrays, along with the existing surveillance program, would significantly alter the likelihood of detecting target species. However, the model has proved to be a robust framework to determine which key parameters require further investigation in order to provide an adequately robust justification for the addition (or not) of settlement arrays to the marine surveillance programme.","number":"No:2012/16","urldate":"2020-12-15","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Floerl"],"firstnames":["Oliver"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Inglis"],"firstnames":["Graeme"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Peacock"],"firstnames":["Lisa"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Plew"],"firstnames":["David"],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"August","year":"2012","pages":"91","bibtex":"@techreport{floerl_efficacy_2012,\n\taddress = {Wellington, New Zealand.},\n\ttype = {{MPI} {Technical} {Paper}},\n\ttitle = {The efficacy of settlement plate arrays for marine surveillance},\n\turl = {https://www.mpi.govt.nz/dmsdocument/4041/direct},\n\tabstract = {Since 2002, the New Zealand government has funded a nationwide programme of targeted\nsurveillance for high-risk marine pest species at a selection of New Zealand’s ports and\nmarinas (“Marine High Risk Site Surveillance”, MHRSS). 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The hydraulic model was developed for Lyttelton Port to calculate the volume\nof water sampled by array surfaces over an 8-week monitoring period. Literature reviews\nwere conducted to determine the reproductive season, fecundity, fertilisation, propagule lifespan and settlement preferences of the four target species.\nTo determine the sensitivity of the array surfaces for detection of target recruits by an\nobserver, in situ experiments were conducted in Lyttelton Port during which array surfaces\nwere exposed to controlled “doses” of laboratory-spawned propagules. These experiments\nwere conducted for C. intestinalis, S. clava and U. pinnatifida.\nTo calculate the confidence of detection stochastic scenario tree models were developed to\ncombine elements of the target species’ reproductive biology and the attractiveness of array\nsurfaces for each species at: (i) a range of resident population sizes and (ii) a range of\nsampling efforts. 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