@article{francis_modeling_2008,
	title = {Modeling and optimization of {Look}-{Locker} spin labeling for measuring perfusion and transit time changes in activation studies taking into account arterial blood volume},
	volume = {59},
	issn = {0740-3194},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18183614},
	doi = {10.1002/mrm.21442},
	abstract = {This work describes a new compartmental model with step-wise temporal analysis for a Look-Locker (LL)-flow-sensitive alternating inversion-recovery (FAIR) sequence, which combines the FAIR arterial spin labeling (ASL) scheme with a LL echo planar imaging (EPI) measurement, using a multireadout EPI sequence for simultaneous perfusion and T*(2) measurements. The new model highlights the importance of accounting for the transit time of blood through the arteriolar compartment, delta, in the quantification of perfusion. The signal expected is calculated in a step-wise manner to avoid discontinuities between different compartments. The optimal LL-FAIR pulse sequence timings for the measurement of perfusion with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and high temporal resolution at 1.5, 3, and 7T are presented. LL-FAIR is shown to provide better SNR per unit time compared to standard FAIR. The sequence has been used experimentally for simultaneous monitoring of perfusion, transit time, and T*(2) changes in response to a visual stimulus in four subjects. It was found that perfusion increased by 83 +/- 4\% on brain activation from a resting state value of 94 +/- 13 ml/100 g/min, while T*(2) increased by 3.5 +/- 0.5\%.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2009-03-04},
	journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine: Official Journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine / Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
	author = {Francis, S T and Bowtell, R and Gowland, P A},
	month = feb,
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {18183614},
	keywords = {ASL, CBF, methodology},
	pages = {316--25},
	file = {francis2008.pdf:/Users/nickb/Zotero/storage/6C2P93ED/francis2008.pdf:application/pdf;PubMed Snapshot:/Users/nickb/Zotero/storage/DTCPGP8G/entrez.html:text/html}
}

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The new model highlights the importance of accounting for the transit time of blood through the arteriolar compartment, delta, in the quantification of perfusion. The signal expected is calculated in a step-wise manner to avoid discontinuities between different compartments. The optimal LL-FAIR pulse sequence timings for the measurement of perfusion with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and high temporal resolution at 1.5, 3, and 7T are presented. LL-FAIR is shown to provide better SNR per unit time compared to standard FAIR. The sequence has been used experimentally for simultaneous monitoring of perfusion, transit time, and T*(2) changes in response to a visual stimulus in four subjects. 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