@article{RN267,
   author = {Freeze, W. M. and van der Thiel, M. and de Bresser, J. and Klijn, C. J. M. and van Etten, E. S. and Jansen, J. F. A. and van der Weerd, L. and Jacobs, H. I. L. and Backes, W. H. and van Veluw, S. J.},
   title = {CSF enhancement on post-contrast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images; a systematic review},
   journal = {Neuroimage Clin},
   volume = {28},
   pages = {102456},
   note = {Freeze, Whitney M
van der Thiel, Merel
de Bresser, Jeroen
Klijn, Catharina J M
van Etten, Ellis S
Jansen, Jacobus F A
van der Weerd, Louise
Jacobs, Heidi I L
Backes, Walter H
van Veluw, Susanne J
eng
Review
Netherlands
Neuroimage Clin. 2020 Oct 2;28:102456. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102456.},
   abstract = {Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) enhancement on T2-weighted post-contrast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (pcT2wFLAIR) images is a relatively unknown neuroradiological marker for gadolinium-based contrast agent extravasation due to blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. We systematically reviewed human studies reporting on CSF enhancement on pcT2wFLAIR images to provide a comprehensive overview of prevalence of this new biomarker in healthy and diseased populations as well as its etiology and optimal detection methodology. We extracted information on the prevalence of CSF enhancement, its vascular risk factor and neuroimaging correlates, and methodological attributes of each study. Forty-four eligible studies were identified. By pooling data, we found that the prevalence of CSF enhancement was 82% (95% confidence interval (CI) 80-89) in meningitis (4 studies, 65 patients), 73% (95%CI 62-81) in cases with (post-) acute intracerebral hemorrhage (2 studies, 77 cases), 64% (95% CI 54-73) in cases who underwent surgery for aneurysm treatment (2 studies, 99 patients), 40% (95% CI 30-51) in cases who underwent surgery for carotid artery disease treatment (3 studies, 76 patients), 27% (95% CI 25-30) in cases with acute ischemic stroke (9 studies, 1148 patients), 21% (95% CI 17-23) in multiple sclerosis (6 studies, 897 patients), and 13% (95% CI 7-21) in adult controls (4 studies, 112 cases). Presence of CSF enhancement was associated with higher age in eleven studies, with lobar cerebral microbleeds in one study, and with cerebral atrophy in four studies. PcT2wFLAIR imaging represents a promising method that can provide novel perspectives on BBB leakage into CSF compartments, with the potential to reveal important new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of varying neurological diseases.},
   keywords = {Blood-brain barrier
Cerebrospinal fluid
Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
Gadolinium
Neurological disease},
   ISSN = {2213-1582 (Electronic)
2213-1582 (Linking)},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102456},
   url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33053497},
   year = {2020},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

{"_id":"Hhrg5pgPCHyKAjJh4","bibbaseid":"freeze-vanderthiel-debresser-klijn-vanetten-jansen-vanderweerd-jacobs-etal-csfenhancementonpostcontrastfluidattenuatedinversionrecoveryimagesasystematicreview-2020","authorIDs":["TEAWLnKpXtQE8hs6C"],"author_short":["Freeze, W. M.","van der Thiel, M.","de Bresser, J.","Klijn, C. J. M.","van Etten, E. S.","Jansen, J. F. A.","van der Weerd, L.","Jacobs, H. I. L.","Backes, W. H.","van Veluw, S. J."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"Journal Article","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Freeze"],"firstnames":["W.","M."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":["van","der"],"lastnames":["Thiel"],"firstnames":["M."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":["de"],"lastnames":["Bresser"],"firstnames":["J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Klijn"],"firstnames":["C.","J.","M."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":["van"],"lastnames":["Etten"],"firstnames":["E.","S."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Jansen"],"firstnames":["J.","F.","A."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":["van","der"],"lastnames":["Weerd"],"firstnames":["L."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Jacobs"],"firstnames":["H.","I.","L."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Backes"],"firstnames":["W.","H."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":["van"],"lastnames":["Veluw"],"firstnames":["S.","J."],"suffixes":[]}],"title":"CSF enhancement on post-contrast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images; a systematic review","journal":"Neuroimage Clin","volume":"28","pages":"102456","note":"Freeze, Whitney M van der Thiel, Merel de Bresser, Jeroen Klijn, Catharina J M van Etten, Ellis S Jansen, Jacobus F A van der Weerd, Louise Jacobs, Heidi I L Backes, Walter H van Veluw, Susanne J eng Review Netherlands Neuroimage Clin. 2020 Oct 2;28:102456. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102456.","abstract":"Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) enhancement on T2-weighted post-contrast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (pcT2wFLAIR) images is a relatively unknown neuroradiological marker for gadolinium-based contrast agent extravasation due to blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. We systematically reviewed human studies reporting on CSF enhancement on pcT2wFLAIR images to provide a comprehensive overview of prevalence of this new biomarker in healthy and diseased populations as well as its etiology and optimal detection methodology. We extracted information on the prevalence of CSF enhancement, its vascular risk factor and neuroimaging correlates, and methodological attributes of each study. Forty-four eligible studies were identified. By pooling data, we found that the prevalence of CSF enhancement was 82% (95% confidence interval (CI) 80-89) in meningitis (4 studies, 65 patients), 73% (95%CI 62-81) in cases with (post-) acute intracerebral hemorrhage (2 studies, 77 cases), 64% (95% CI 54-73) in cases who underwent surgery for aneurysm treatment (2 studies, 99 patients), 40% (95% CI 30-51) in cases who underwent surgery for carotid artery disease treatment (3 studies, 76 patients), 27% (95% CI 25-30) in cases with acute ischemic stroke (9 studies, 1148 patients), 21% (95% CI 17-23) in multiple sclerosis (6 studies, 897 patients), and 13% (95% CI 7-21) in adult controls (4 studies, 112 cases). Presence of CSF enhancement was associated with higher age in eleven studies, with lobar cerebral microbleeds in one study, and with cerebral atrophy in four studies. PcT2wFLAIR imaging represents a promising method that can provide novel perspectives on BBB leakage into CSF compartments, with the potential to reveal important new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of varying neurological diseases.","keywords":"Blood-brain barrier Cerebrospinal fluid Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery Gadolinium Neurological disease","issn":"2213-1582 (Electronic) 2213-1582 (Linking)","doi":"10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102456","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33053497","year":"2020","bibtex":"@article{RN267,\n author = {Freeze, W. M. and van der Thiel, M. and de Bresser, J. and Klijn, C. J. M. and van Etten, E. S. and Jansen, J. F. A. and van der Weerd, L. and Jacobs, H. I. L. and Backes, W. H. and van Veluw, S. J.},\n title = {CSF enhancement on post-contrast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images; a systematic review},\n journal = {Neuroimage Clin},\n volume = {28},\n pages = {102456},\n note = {Freeze, Whitney M\nvan der Thiel, Merel\nde Bresser, Jeroen\nKlijn, Catharina J M\nvan Etten, Ellis S\nJansen, Jacobus F A\nvan der Weerd, Louise\nJacobs, Heidi I L\nBackes, Walter H\nvan Veluw, Susanne J\neng\nReview\nNetherlands\nNeuroimage Clin. 2020 Oct 2;28:102456. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102456.},\n abstract = {Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) enhancement on T2-weighted post-contrast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (pcT2wFLAIR) images is a relatively unknown neuroradiological marker for gadolinium-based contrast agent extravasation due to blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. We systematically reviewed human studies reporting on CSF enhancement on pcT2wFLAIR images to provide a comprehensive overview of prevalence of this new biomarker in healthy and diseased populations as well as its etiology and optimal detection methodology. We extracted information on the prevalence of CSF enhancement, its vascular risk factor and neuroimaging correlates, and methodological attributes of each study. Forty-four eligible studies were identified. By pooling data, we found that the prevalence of CSF enhancement was 82% (95% confidence interval (CI) 80-89) in meningitis (4 studies, 65 patients), 73% (95%CI 62-81) in cases with (post-) acute intracerebral hemorrhage (2 studies, 77 cases), 64% (95% CI 54-73) in cases who underwent surgery for aneurysm treatment (2 studies, 99 patients), 40% (95% CI 30-51) in cases who underwent surgery for carotid artery disease treatment (3 studies, 76 patients), 27% (95% CI 25-30) in cases with acute ischemic stroke (9 studies, 1148 patients), 21% (95% CI 17-23) in multiple sclerosis (6 studies, 897 patients), and 13% (95% CI 7-21) in adult controls (4 studies, 112 cases). Presence of CSF enhancement was associated with higher age in eleven studies, with lobar cerebral microbleeds in one study, and with cerebral atrophy in four studies. 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