Temperature Thresholds for Carbon Flux Variation and Warming‐Induced Changes. Fu, C., Wang, G., Yang, Y., Wu, H., Wu, H., Zhang, H., & Xia, Y. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 128(21):e2023JD039747, November, 2023. ![Temperature Thresholds for Carbon Flux Variation and Warming‐Induced Changes [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex Abstract The response of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) to environmental changes is strongly nonlinear, characterized with threshold behaviors that are not well understood. Here, we investigated the threshold behaviors in the relationship between NEE and surface air temperature based on FLUXNET2015 observations, Community Land Model simulations, and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) model outputs. An air temperature threshold of 16.4°C, corresponding to the maximum carbon sink ( T sink ), was identified for all 205 FLUXNET2015 sites combined. For deciduous broadleaf and mixed forests, wetlands and wheat‐barley croplands, and rice‐maize‐soybean croplands, we identified a carbon‐source threshold ( T source ) of 6.8, 5.0, and 18.0°C, respectively, beyond which the ecosystem becomes less of a carbon source. Five cold climate types mainly encompassing these plant functional types showed a clear carbon‐source T source of 12.2°C. Six CMIP6 models project a threshold temperature increase of 1.0–2.8°C by the 2090s, which results primarily from a shift of the optimum temperature for gross primary production. Not accounting for the warming‐induced threshold changes may lead to an estimated time of the average summer air temperature passing T sink that is earlier by 4.5–6.7 and 6.4–12.2 years at low (15°N–15°S) and high (≥60°S or ≥ 60°N) latitudes, respectively. , Plain Language Summary Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) reflects the ecosystem's role as a carbon source or sink. Previous studies on NEE indicated a temperature threshold for the size of ecosystem carbon sink. It remains unknown whether a similar threshold for carbon source might exist, how the thresholds for both carbon source and sink may vary with climate and ecosystem types, and how they may change with global warming. The present study fills these gaps. Here we extract patterns of temperature thresholds for different climate and ecosystem types, and project a 1.0–2.8°C increase of threshold temperature by the end of the century. This increase has to be properly accounted for when studying the terrestrial carbon‐climate interactions. , Key Points An air temperature threshold of 16.4°C, corresponding to the maximum carbon sink, was identified for all 205 FLUXNET2015 sites combined Deciduous broadleaf forests, mixed forests, and croplands showed a temperature threshold corresponding to a sudden change of carbon source Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models project a 1.0–2.8°C increase of threshold temperature by the end of the century
@article{fu_temperature_2023,
title = {Temperature {Thresholds} for {Carbon} {Flux} {Variation} and {Warming}‐{Induced} {Changes}},
volume = {128},
issn = {2169-897X, 2169-8996},
url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023JD039747},
doi = {10.1029/2023JD039747},
abstract = {Abstract
The response of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) to environmental changes is strongly nonlinear, characterized with threshold behaviors that are not well understood. Here, we investigated the threshold behaviors in the relationship between NEE and surface air temperature based on FLUXNET2015 observations, Community Land Model simulations, and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) model outputs. An air temperature threshold of 16.4°C, corresponding to the maximum carbon sink (
T
sink
), was identified for all 205 FLUXNET2015 sites combined. For deciduous broadleaf and mixed forests, wetlands and wheat‐barley croplands, and rice‐maize‐soybean croplands, we identified a carbon‐source threshold (
T
source
) of 6.8, 5.0, and 18.0°C, respectively, beyond which the ecosystem becomes less of a carbon source. Five cold climate types mainly encompassing these plant functional types showed a clear carbon‐source
T
source
of 12.2°C. Six CMIP6 models project a threshold temperature increase of 1.0–2.8°C by the 2090s, which results primarily from a shift of the optimum temperature for gross primary production. Not accounting for the warming‐induced threshold changes may lead to an estimated time of the average summer air temperature passing
T
sink
that is earlier by 4.5–6.7 and 6.4–12.2 years at low (15°N–15°S) and high (≥60°S or ≥ 60°N) latitudes, respectively.
,
Plain Language Summary
Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) reflects the ecosystem's role as a carbon source or sink. Previous studies on NEE indicated a temperature threshold for the size of ecosystem carbon sink. It remains unknown whether a similar threshold for carbon source might exist, how the thresholds for both carbon source and sink may vary with climate and ecosystem types, and how they may change with global warming. The present study fills these gaps. Here we extract patterns of temperature thresholds for different climate and ecosystem types, and project a 1.0–2.8°C increase of threshold temperature by the end of the century. This increase has to be properly accounted for when studying the terrestrial carbon‐climate interactions.
,
Key Points
An air temperature threshold of 16.4°C, corresponding to the maximum carbon sink, was identified for all 205 FLUXNET2015 sites combined
Deciduous broadleaf forests, mixed forests, and croplands showed a temperature threshold corresponding to a sudden change of carbon source
Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models project a 1.0–2.8°C increase of threshold temperature by the end of the century},
language = {en},
number = {21},
urldate = {2024-11-14},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
author = {Fu, Congsheng and Wang, Guiling and Yang, Yuting and Wu, Huawu and Wu, Haohao and Zhang, Haixia and Xia, Ye},
month = nov,
year = {2023},
pages = {e2023JD039747},
}
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{"_id":"afsZhytr4EbRk7ihw","bibbaseid":"fu-wang-yang-wu-wu-zhang-xia-temperaturethresholdsforcarbonfluxvariationandwarminginducedchanges-2023","author_short":["Fu, C.","Wang, G.","Yang, Y.","Wu, H.","Wu, H.","Zhang, H.","Xia, Y."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Temperature Thresholds for Carbon Flux Variation and Warming‐Induced Changes","volume":"128","issn":"2169-897X, 2169-8996","url":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023JD039747","doi":"10.1029/2023JD039747","abstract":"Abstract The response of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) to environmental changes is strongly nonlinear, characterized with threshold behaviors that are not well understood. Here, we investigated the threshold behaviors in the relationship between NEE and surface air temperature based on FLUXNET2015 observations, Community Land Model simulations, and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) model outputs. An air temperature threshold of 16.4°C, corresponding to the maximum carbon sink ( T sink ), was identified for all 205 FLUXNET2015 sites combined. For deciduous broadleaf and mixed forests, wetlands and wheat‐barley croplands, and rice‐maize‐soybean croplands, we identified a carbon‐source threshold ( T source ) of 6.8, 5.0, and 18.0°C, respectively, beyond which the ecosystem becomes less of a carbon source. Five cold climate types mainly encompassing these plant functional types showed a clear carbon‐source T source of 12.2°C. Six CMIP6 models project a threshold temperature increase of 1.0–2.8°C by the 2090s, which results primarily from a shift of the optimum temperature for gross primary production. Not accounting for the warming‐induced threshold changes may lead to an estimated time of the average summer air temperature passing T sink that is earlier by 4.5–6.7 and 6.4–12.2 years at low (15°N–15°S) and high (≥60°S or ≥ 60°N) latitudes, respectively. , Plain Language Summary Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) reflects the ecosystem's role as a carbon source or sink. Previous studies on NEE indicated a temperature threshold for the size of ecosystem carbon sink. It remains unknown whether a similar threshold for carbon source might exist, how the thresholds for both carbon source and sink may vary with climate and ecosystem types, and how they may change with global warming. The present study fills these gaps. Here we extract patterns of temperature thresholds for different climate and ecosystem types, and project a 1.0–2.8°C increase of threshold temperature by the end of the century. This increase has to be properly accounted for when studying the terrestrial carbon‐climate interactions. , Key Points An air temperature threshold of 16.4°C, corresponding to the maximum carbon sink, was identified for all 205 FLUXNET2015 sites combined Deciduous broadleaf forests, mixed forests, and croplands showed a temperature threshold corresponding to a sudden change of carbon source Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models project a 1.0–2.8°C increase of threshold temperature by the end of the century","language":"en","number":"21","urldate":"2024-11-14","journal":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Fu"],"firstnames":["Congsheng"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Wang"],"firstnames":["Guiling"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Yang"],"firstnames":["Yuting"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Wu"],"firstnames":["Huawu"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Wu"],"firstnames":["Haohao"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Zhang"],"firstnames":["Haixia"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Xia"],"firstnames":["Ye"],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"November","year":"2023","pages":"e2023JD039747","bibtex":"@article{fu_temperature_2023,\n\ttitle = {Temperature {Thresholds} for {Carbon} {Flux} {Variation} and {Warming}‐{Induced} {Changes}},\n\tvolume = {128},\n\tissn = {2169-897X, 2169-8996},\n\turl = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023JD039747},\n\tdoi = {10.1029/2023JD039747},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n \n The response of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) to environmental changes is strongly nonlinear, characterized with threshold behaviors that are not well understood. Here, we investigated the threshold behaviors in the relationship between NEE and surface air temperature based on FLUXNET2015 observations, Community Land Model simulations, and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) model outputs. An air temperature threshold of 16.4°C, corresponding to the maximum carbon sink (\n T\n sink\n ), was identified for all 205 FLUXNET2015 sites combined. For deciduous broadleaf and mixed forests, wetlands and wheat‐barley croplands, and rice‐maize‐soybean croplands, we identified a carbon‐source threshold (\n T\n source\n ) of 6.8, 5.0, and 18.0°C, respectively, beyond which the ecosystem becomes less of a carbon source. Five cold climate types mainly encompassing these plant functional types showed a clear carbon‐source\n T\n source\n of 12.2°C. Six CMIP6 models project a threshold temperature increase of 1.0–2.8°C by the 2090s, which results primarily from a shift of the optimum temperature for gross primary production. Not accounting for the warming‐induced threshold changes may lead to an estimated time of the average summer air temperature passing\n T\n sink\n that is earlier by 4.5–6.7 and 6.4–12.2 years at low (15°N–15°S) and high (≥60°S or ≥ 60°N) latitudes, respectively.\n \n , \n Plain Language Summary\n Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) reflects the ecosystem's role as a carbon source or sink. Previous studies on NEE indicated a temperature threshold for the size of ecosystem carbon sink. It remains unknown whether a similar threshold for carbon source might exist, how the thresholds for both carbon source and sink may vary with climate and ecosystem types, and how they may change with global warming. The present study fills these gaps. Here we extract patterns of temperature thresholds for different climate and ecosystem types, and project a 1.0–2.8°C increase of threshold temperature by the end of the century. This increase has to be properly accounted for when studying the terrestrial carbon‐climate interactions.\n , \n Key Points\n \n \n \n An air temperature threshold of 16.4°C, corresponding to the maximum carbon sink, was identified for all 205 FLUXNET2015 sites combined\n \n \n Deciduous broadleaf forests, mixed forests, and croplands showed a temperature threshold corresponding to a sudden change of carbon source\n \n \n Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models project a 1.0–2.8°C increase of threshold temperature by the end of the century},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {21},\n\turldate = {2024-11-14},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},\n\tauthor = {Fu, Congsheng and Wang, Guiling and Yang, Yuting and Wu, Huawu and Wu, Haohao and Zhang, Haixia and Xia, Ye},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {e2023JD039747},\n}\n\n\n\n","author_short":["Fu, C.","Wang, G.","Yang, Y.","Wu, H.","Wu, H.","Zhang, H.","Xia, Y."],"key":"fu_temperature_2023","id":"fu_temperature_2023","bibbaseid":"fu-wang-yang-wu-wu-zhang-xia-temperaturethresholdsforcarbonfluxvariationandwarminginducedchanges-2023","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023JD039747"},"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://bibbase.org/zotero/tereno","dataSources":["cq3J5xX6zmBvc2TQC"],"keywords":[],"search_terms":["temperature","thresholds","carbon","flux","variation","warming","induced","changes","fu","wang","yang","wu","wu","zhang","xia"],"title":"Temperature Thresholds for Carbon Flux Variation and Warming‐Induced Changes","year":2023}