Salinity influences disease-induced mortality of the oyster Crassostrea gigas and infectivity of the ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1). Fuhrmann, M., Petton, B., Quillien, V., Faury, N., Morga, B., & Pernet, F. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 8:543--552, 2016. 00000 WOS:000387131700010
doi  abstract   bibtex   
Mortality of young Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas associated with the ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) is occurring worldwide. Here, we examined for the first time the effect of salinity on OsHV-1 transmission and disease-related mortality of C. gigas, as well as salinity-related effects on the pathogen itself. To obtain donors for OsHV-1 transmission, we transferred laboratory-raised oysters to an estuary during a disease outbreak and then back to the laboratory. Oysters that tested OsHV-1 positive were placed in seawater tanks (35%, 21 degrees C). Water from these tanks was used to infect naive oysters in 2 experimental setups: (1) oysters acclimated or non-acclimated to a salinity of 10, 15, 25 and 35% and (2) oysters acclimated to a salinity of 25%; the latter were exposed to OsHV-1 water diluted to a salinity of 10 or 25%. The survival of oysters exposed to OsHV-1 water and acclimated to a salinity of 10% was \textgreater 95%, compared to only 43 to 73% survival in oysters acclimated to higher salinities (Expt 1), reflecting differences in the levels of OsHV-1 DNA and viral gene expression (Expts 1 and 2). However, the survival of their non-acclimated counterparts was only 23% (Expt 2), and the levels of OsHV-1 DNA and the expression of 4 viral genes were low (Expt 1). Thus, OsHV-1 may not have been the ultimate cause of mortality in non-acclimated oysters weakened by a salinity shock. It appears that reducing disease risk by means of low salinity is unlikely in the field.
@article{fuhrmann_salinity_2016,
	title = {Salinity influences disease-induced mortality of the oyster {Crassostrea} gigas and infectivity of the ostreid herpesvirus 1 ({OsHV}-1)},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {1869-215X},
	doi = {10.3354/aei00197},
	abstract = {Mortality of young Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas associated with the ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) is occurring worldwide. Here, we examined for the first time the effect of salinity on OsHV-1 transmission and disease-related mortality of C. gigas, as well as salinity-related effects on the pathogen itself. To obtain donors for OsHV-1 transmission, we transferred laboratory-raised oysters to an estuary during a disease outbreak and then back to the laboratory. Oysters that tested OsHV-1 positive were placed in seawater tanks (35\%, 21 degrees C). Water from these tanks was used to infect naive oysters in 2 experimental setups: (1) oysters acclimated or non-acclimated to a salinity of 10, 15, 25 and 35\% and (2) oysters acclimated to a salinity of 25\%; the latter were exposed to OsHV-1 water diluted to a salinity of 10 or 25\%. The survival of oysters exposed to OsHV-1 water and acclimated to a salinity of 10\% was {\textgreater} 95\%, compared to only 43 to 73\% survival in oysters acclimated to higher salinities (Expt 1), reflecting differences in the levels of OsHV-1 DNA and viral gene expression (Expts 1 and 2). However, the survival of their non-acclimated counterparts was only 23\% (Expt 2), and the levels of OsHV-1 DNA and the expression of 4 viral genes were low (Expt 1). Thus, OsHV-1 may not have been the ultimate cause of mortality in non-acclimated oysters weakened by a salinity shock. It appears that reducing disease risk by means of low salinity is unlikely in the field.},
	language = {English},
	journal = {Aquaculture Environment Interactions},
	author = {Fuhrmann, Marine and Petton, Bruno and Quillien, Virgile and Faury, Nicole and Morga, Benjamin and Pernet, Fabrice},
	year = {2016},
	note = {00000 
WOS:000387131700010},
	keywords = {ACL, Disease transmission, Herpesviridae, Infection, Pacific oysters, Risk analysis, bivalve, bivalve mollusks, environments, haplosporidium-nelsoni msx, herpes-virus, host, mu-var, panorama, parasite, pcr, transmission},
	pages = {543--552}
}

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