@article{gallant_impact_2010,
	title = {Impact of age and sex on mycobacterial immunity in an area of high tuberculosis incidence},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {1815-7920},
	abstract = {SETTING: The extent of immune reactivity measured by the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) T-cell assays is usually not analysed.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of age and sex on assay positivity and on the extent of reactivity of both TST and T-cell assays in young persons in an area of South Africa with high TB transmission.
RESULTS: Age had a strong impact on assay positivity for all seven immune phenotypes tested (P {\textless} 0.0007). Among positive responders, the extent of purified protein derivative (PPD) triggered IFN-gamma release (P {\textless} 0.003) was sensitive to age. ESAT-6 triggered IFN-gamma release (day 7, P = 0.03) and the frequency of PPD-specific IFN-gamma(+)CD4(+) (P = 0.03) and IFN-gamma(+)CD8(+) cells (P = 0.04) were weakly dependent on age. By contrast, the extent of TST induration was insensitive to age (P {\textgreater} 0.05), and sex had no significant impact on any phenotype measured (P {\textgreater} 0.05). The high proportion of positive responders in the 1-10 year age-group observed with long-term whole blood assays, but not with 3-day assays and TST, suggests that long-term whole blood assays may be confounded by bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination in this age group.
CONCLUSION: There is a significant impact of age, but not sex, on different assays of immune reactivity in this high TB transmission setting.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease: The Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease},
	author = {Gallant, C. J. and Cobat, A. and Simkin, L. and Black, G. F. and Stanley, K. and Hughes, J. and Doherty, T. M. and Hanekom, W. A. and Eley, B. and Beyers, N. and Jaïs, J.-P. and van Helden, P. and Abel, L. and Alcaïs, A. and Hoal, E. G. and Schurr, E.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20626938},
	note = {00012 },
	keywords = {Adolescent, Age Distribution, Age Factors, Antigens, Bacterial, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Incidence, Infant, Interferon-gamma, Male, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Phenotype, Retrospective Studies, Sex Distribution, Sex Factors, South Africa, Tuberculin Test, Tuberculosis, Young Adult},
	pages = {952--959},
}

{"_id":"myiXPzBXuGJu48xGQ","bibbaseid":"gallant-cobat-simkin-black-stanley-hughes-doherty-hanekom-etal-impactofageandsexonmycobacterialimmunityinanareaofhightuberculosisincidence-2010","author_short":["Gallant, C. J.","Cobat, A.","Simkin, L.","Black, G. F.","Stanley, K.","Hughes, J.","Doherty, T. M.","Hanekom, W. A.","Eley, B.","Beyers, N.","Jaïs, J.","van Helden, P.","Abel, L.","Alcaïs, A.","Hoal, E. G.","Schurr, E."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Impact of age and sex on mycobacterial immunity in an area of high tuberculosis incidence","volume":"14","issn":"1815-7920","abstract":"SETTING: The extent of immune reactivity measured by the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) T-cell assays is usually not analysed. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of age and sex on assay positivity and on the extent of reactivity of both TST and T-cell assays in young persons in an area of South Africa with high TB transmission. RESULTS: Age had a strong impact on assay positivity for all seven immune phenotypes tested (P \\textless 0.0007). Among positive responders, the extent of purified protein derivative (PPD) triggered IFN-gamma release (P \\textless 0.003) was sensitive to age. ESAT-6 triggered IFN-gamma release (day 7, P = 0.03) and the frequency of PPD-specific IFN-gamma(+)CD4(+) (P = 0.03) and IFN-gamma(+)CD8(+) cells (P = 0.04) were weakly dependent on age. By contrast, the extent of TST induration was insensitive to age (P \\textgreater 0.05), and sex had no significant impact on any phenotype measured (P \\textgreater 0.05). The high proportion of positive responders in the 1-10 year age-group observed with long-term whole blood assays, but not with 3-day assays and TST, suggests that long-term whole blood assays may be confounded by bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination in this age group. CONCLUSION: There is a significant impact of age, but not sex, on different assays of immune reactivity in this high TB transmission setting.","language":"eng","number":"8","journal":"The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease: The Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Gallant"],"firstnames":["C.","J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Cobat"],"firstnames":["A."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Simkin"],"firstnames":["L."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Black"],"firstnames":["G.","F."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Stanley"],"firstnames":["K."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Hughes"],"firstnames":["J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Doherty"],"firstnames":["T.","M."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Hanekom"],"firstnames":["W.","A."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Eley"],"firstnames":["B."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Beyers"],"firstnames":["N."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Jaïs"],"firstnames":["J.-P."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":["van"],"lastnames":["Helden"],"firstnames":["P."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Abel"],"firstnames":["L."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Alcaïs"],"firstnames":["A."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Hoal"],"firstnames":["E.","G."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Schurr"],"firstnames":["E."],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"August","year":"2010","pmid":"20626938","note":"00012 ","keywords":"Adolescent, Age Distribution, Age Factors, Antigens, Bacterial, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Incidence, Infant, Interferon-gamma, Male, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Phenotype, Retrospective Studies, Sex Distribution, Sex Factors, South Africa, Tuberculin Test, Tuberculosis, Young Adult","pages":"952–959","bibtex":"@article{gallant_impact_2010,\n\ttitle = {Impact of age and sex on mycobacterial immunity in an area of high tuberculosis incidence},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1815-7920},\n\tabstract = {SETTING: The extent of immune reactivity measured by the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) T-cell assays is usually not analysed.\nOBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of age and sex on assay positivity and on the extent of reactivity of both TST and T-cell assays in young persons in an area of South Africa with high TB transmission.\nRESULTS: Age had a strong impact on assay positivity for all seven immune phenotypes tested (P {\\textless} 0.0007). Among positive responders, the extent of purified protein derivative (PPD) triggered IFN-gamma release (P {\\textless} 0.003) was sensitive to age. ESAT-6 triggered IFN-gamma release (day 7, P = 0.03) and the frequency of PPD-specific IFN-gamma(+)CD4(+) (P = 0.03) and IFN-gamma(+)CD8(+) cells (P = 0.04) were weakly dependent on age. By contrast, the extent of TST induration was insensitive to age (P {\\textgreater} 0.05), and sex had no significant impact on any phenotype measured (P {\\textgreater} 0.05). The high proportion of positive responders in the 1-10 year age-group observed with long-term whole blood assays, but not with 3-day assays and TST, suggests that long-term whole blood assays may be confounded by bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination in this age group.\nCONCLUSION: There is a significant impact of age, but not sex, on different assays of immune reactivity in this high TB transmission setting.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\tjournal = {The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease: The Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease},\n\tauthor = {Gallant, C. J. and Cobat, A. and Simkin, L. and Black, G. F. and Stanley, K. and Hughes, J. and Doherty, T. M. and Hanekom, W. A. and Eley, B. and Beyers, N. and Jaïs, J.-P. and van Helden, P. and Abel, L. and Alcaïs, A. and Hoal, E. G. and Schurr, E.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpmid = {20626938},\n\tnote = {00012 },\n\tkeywords = {Adolescent, Age Distribution, Age Factors, Antigens, Bacterial, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Incidence, Infant, Interferon-gamma, Male, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Phenotype, Retrospective Studies, Sex Distribution, Sex Factors, South Africa, Tuberculin Test, Tuberculosis, Young Adult},\n\tpages = {952--959},\n}\n\n\n\n","author_short":["Gallant, C. J.","Cobat, A.","Simkin, L.","Black, G. F.","Stanley, K.","Hughes, J.","Doherty, T. M.","Hanekom, W. A.","Eley, B.","Beyers, N.","Jaïs, J.","van Helden, P.","Abel, L.","Alcaïs, A.","Hoal, E. G.","Schurr, E."],"key":"gallant_impact_2010","id":"gallant_impact_2010","bibbaseid":"gallant-cobat-simkin-black-stanley-hughes-doherty-hanekom-etal-impactofageandsexonmycobacterialimmunityinanareaofhightuberculosisincidence-2010","role":"author","urls":{},"keyword":["Adolescent","Age Distribution","Age Factors","Antigens","Bacterial","Child","Child","Preschool","Female","Follow-Up Studies","Humans","Immunity","Innate","Incidence","Infant","Interferon-gamma","Male","Mycobacterium tuberculosis","Phenotype","Retrospective Studies","Sex Distribution","Sex Factors","South Africa","Tuberculin Test","Tuberculosis","Young Adult"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}},"downloads":0,"html":""},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"http://bibbase.org/zotero/TBHostGen","dataSources":["csPxbBZ9RG8CqYnrf"],"keywords":["adolescent","age distribution","age factors","antigens","bacterial","child","child","preschool","female","follow-up studies","humans","immunity","innate","incidence","infant","interferon-gamma","male","mycobacterium tuberculosis","phenotype","retrospective studies","sex distribution","sex factors","south africa","tuberculin test","tuberculosis","young adult"],"search_terms":["impact","age","sex","mycobacterial","immunity","area","high","tuberculosis","incidence","gallant","cobat","simkin","black","stanley","hughes","doherty","hanekom","eley","beyers","jaïs","van helden","abel","alcaïs","hoal","schurr"],"title":"Impact of age and sex on mycobacterial immunity in an area of high tuberculosis incidence","year":2010}