Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future

Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future. Galloway, J., Dentener, F., Capone, D., Boyer, E., Howarth, R., Seitzinger, S., Asner, G., Cleveland, C., Green, P., Holland, E., Karl, D., Michaels, A., Porter, J., Townsend, A., & Vorosmarty, C. Biogeochemistry, 70:153--226, 2004.
abstract bibtex

This paper contrasts the natural and anthropogenic controls on the conversion of unreactive N2 to more reactive forms of nitrogen (Nr). A variety of data sets are used to construct global N budgets for 1860 and the early 1990s and to make projections for the global N budget in 2050. RegionalN budgets for Asia, North America, and other major regions for the early 1990s, as well as the marine N budget, are presented to highlight the dominant fluxes of nitrogen in each region. Important findings are that human activities increasingly dominate the N budget at the global and at most regional scales, the terrestrial and open ocean N budgets are essentially dis- connected, and the fixed forms ofNare accumulating in most environmental reservoirs. The largest uncertainties in our understanding of the N budget at most scales are the rates of natural biological nitrogen fixation, the amount of Nr storage in most environmental reservoirs, and the production rates of N2 by denitrification.

@article{ Galloway2004,
  abstract = {This paper contrasts the natural and anthropogenic controls on the conversion of unreactive N2 to more reactive forms of nitrogen (Nr). A variety of data sets are used to construct global N budgets for 1860 and the early 1990s and to make projections for the global N budget in 2050. RegionalN budgets for Asia, North America, and other major regions for the early 1990s, as well as the marine N budget, are presented to highlight the dominant fluxes of nitrogen in each region. Important findings are that human activities increasingly dominate the N budget at the global and at most regional scales, the terrestrial and open ocean N budgets are essentially dis- connected, and the fixed forms ofNare accumulating in most environmental reservoirs. The largest uncertainties in our understanding of the N budget at most scales are the rates of natural biological nitrogen fixation, the amount of Nr storage in most environmental reservoirs, and the production rates of N2 by denitrification.},
  author = {Galloway, JN and Dentener, FJ and Capone, DG and Boyer, EW and Howarth, RW and Seitzinger, SP and Asner, GP and Cleveland, CC and Green, PA and Holland, EA and Karl, DM and Michaels, AF and Porter, JH and Townsend, AR and Vorosmarty, CJ},
  file = {:E$\backslash$:/Users/Melanie/AA-PROJECTS/All_Journal_Articles/MendeleyAuto/Galloway et al._2004_Biogeochemistry.pdf:pdf},
  isbn = {1434924130},
  journal = {Biogeochemistry},
  keywords = {denitrification,fertilizer,fossil fuel combustion,haber-bosch,nitrogen},
  pages = {153--226},
  title = {{Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future}},
  volume = {70},
  year = {2004}
}

Downloads: 0

{"_id":{"_str":"525834a0a0c9bd750a000763"},"__v":0,"authorIDs":[],"author_short":["Galloway, J.","Dentener, F.","Capone, D.","Boyer, E.","Howarth, R.","Seitzinger, S.","Asner, G.","Cleveland, C.","Green, P.","Holland, E.","Karl, D.","Michaels, A.","Porter, J.","Townsend, A.","Vorosmarty, C."],"bibbaseid":"galloway-dentener-capone-boyer-howarth-seitzinger-asner-cleveland-green-holland-karl-michaels-porter-townsend-vorosmarty-nitrogencyclespastpresentandfuture-2004","bibdata":{"html":"<div class=\"bibbase_paper\"> \n\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\t<span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\"><a name=\"Galloway2004\"> </a>Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future.</span>\n\t<span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\nGalloway, J.; Dentener, F.; Capone, D.; Boyer, E.; Howarth, R.; Seitzinger, S.; Asner, G.; Cleveland, C.; Green, P.; Holland, E.; Karl, D.; Michaels, A.; Porter, J.; Townsend, A.; and Vorosmarty, C.</span>\n\t\n</span>\n\n\n\n<i>Biogeochemistry</i>,\n\n70:153--226.\n\n 2004.\n\n\n\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content\">\n \n \n \n <a href=\"javascript:showBib('Galloway2004')\"\n class=\"bibbase link\">\n \n\t\n\t\n\t\n BibTeX\n <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n \n \n  \n <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n href=\"javascript:showAbstract('Galloway2004')\">\n Abstract\n <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" id=\"bib_Galloway2004\"\n style=\"display:none\">\n <pre>@article{ Galloway2004,\n abstract = {This paper contrasts the natural and anthropogenic controls on the conversion of unreactive N2 to more reactive forms of nitrogen (Nr). A variety of data sets are used to construct global N budgets for 1860 and the early 1990s and to make projections for the global N budget in 2050. RegionalN budgets for Asia, North America, and other major regions for the early 1990s, as well as the marine N budget, are presented to highlight the dominant fluxes of nitrogen in each region. Important findings are that human activities increasingly dominate the N budget at the global and at most regional scales, the terrestrial and open ocean N budgets are essentially dis- connected, and the fixed forms ofNare accumulating in most environmental reservoirs. The largest uncertainties in our understanding of the N budget at most scales are the rates of natural biological nitrogen fixation, the amount of Nr storage in most environmental reservoirs, and the production rates of N2 by denitrification.},\n author = {Galloway, JN and Dentener, FJ and Capone, DG and Boyer, EW and Howarth, RW and Seitzinger, SP and Asner, GP and Cleveland, CC and Green, PA and Holland, EA and Karl, DM and Michaels, AF and Porter, JH and Townsend, AR and Vorosmarty, CJ},\n file = {:E$\\backslash$:/Users/Melanie/AA-PROJECTS/All_Journal_Articles/MendeleyAuto/Galloway et al._2004_Biogeochemistry.pdf:pdf},\n isbn = {1434924130},\n journal = {Biogeochemistry},\n keywords = {denitrification,fertilizer,fossil fuel combustion,haber-bosch,nitrogen},\n pages = {153--226},\n title = {{Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future}},\n volume = {70},\n year = {2004}\n}</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" id=\"abstract_Galloway2004\"\n style=\"display:none\">\n This paper contrasts the natural and anthropogenic controls on the conversion of unreactive N2 to more reactive forms of nitrogen (Nr). A variety of data sets are used to construct global N budgets for 1860 and the early 1990s and to make projections for the global N budget in 2050. RegionalN budgets for Asia, North America, and other major regions for the early 1990s, as well as the marine N budget, are presented to highlight the dominant fluxes of nitrogen in each region. Important findings are that human activities increasingly dominate the N budget at the global and at most regional scales, the terrestrial and open ocean N budgets are essentially dis- connected, and the fixed forms ofNare accumulating in most environmental reservoirs. The largest uncertainties in our understanding of the N budget at most scales are the rates of natural biological nitrogen fixation, the amount of Nr storage in most environmental reservoirs, and the production rates of N2 by denitrification.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n","downloads":0,"keyword":["denitrification","fertilizer","fossil fuel combustion","haber-bosch","nitrogen"],"urls":{},"abstract":"This paper contrasts the natural and anthropogenic controls on the conversion of unreactive N2 to more reactive forms of nitrogen (Nr). A variety of data sets are used to construct global N budgets for 1860 and the early 1990s and to make projections for the global N budget in 2050. RegionalN budgets for Asia, North America, and other major regions for the early 1990s, as well as the marine N budget, are presented to highlight the dominant fluxes of nitrogen in each region. Important findings are that human activities increasingly dominate the N budget at the global and at most regional scales, the terrestrial and open ocean N budgets are essentially dis- connected, and the fixed forms ofNare accumulating in most environmental reservoirs. The largest uncertainties in our understanding of the N budget at most scales are the rates of natural biological nitrogen fixation, the amount of Nr storage in most environmental reservoirs, and the production rates of N2 by denitrification.","author":["Galloway, JN","Dentener, FJ","Capone, DG","Boyer, EW","Howarth, RW","Seitzinger, SP","Asner, GP","Cleveland, CC","Green, PA","Holland, EA","Karl, DM","Michaels, AF","Porter, JH","Townsend, AR","Vorosmarty, CJ"],"author_short":["Galloway, J.","Dentener, F.","Capone, D.","Boyer, E.","Howarth, R.","Seitzinger, S.","Asner, G.","Cleveland, C.","Green, P.","Holland, E.","Karl, D.","Michaels, A.","Porter, J.","Townsend, A.","Vorosmarty, C."],"bibtex":"@article{ Galloway2004,\n abstract = {This paper contrasts the natural and anthropogenic controls on the conversion of unreactive N2 to more reactive forms of nitrogen (Nr). A variety of data sets are used to construct global N budgets for 1860 and the early 1990s and to make projections for the global N budget in 2050. RegionalN budgets for Asia, North America, and other major regions for the early 1990s, as well as the marine N budget, are presented to highlight the dominant fluxes of nitrogen in each region. Important findings are that human activities increasingly dominate the N budget at the global and at most regional scales, the terrestrial and open ocean N budgets are essentially dis- connected, and the fixed forms ofNare accumulating in most environmental reservoirs. The largest uncertainties in our understanding of the N budget at most scales are the rates of natural biological nitrogen fixation, the amount of Nr storage in most environmental reservoirs, and the production rates of N2 by denitrification.},\n author = {Galloway, JN and Dentener, FJ and Capone, DG and Boyer, EW and Howarth, RW and Seitzinger, SP and Asner, GP and Cleveland, CC and Green, PA and Holland, EA and Karl, DM and Michaels, AF and Porter, JH and Townsend, AR and Vorosmarty, CJ},\n file = {:E$\\backslash$:/Users/Melanie/AA-PROJECTS/All_Journal_Articles/MendeleyAuto/Galloway et al._2004_Biogeochemistry.pdf:pdf},\n isbn = {1434924130},\n journal = {Biogeochemistry},\n keywords = {denitrification,fertilizer,fossil fuel combustion,haber-bosch,nitrogen},\n pages = {153--226},\n title = {{Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future}},\n volume = {70},\n year = {2004}\n}","bibtype":"article","file":":E$\\backslash$:/Users/Melanie/AA-PROJECTS/All_Journal_Articles/MendeleyAuto/Galloway et al._2004_Biogeochemistry.pdf:pdf","id":"Galloway2004","isbn":"1434924130","journal":"Biogeochemistry","key":"Galloway2004","keywords":"denitrification,fertilizer,fossil fuel combustion,haber-bosch,nitrogen","pages":"153--226","title":"Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future","type":"article","volume":"70","year":"2004","role":"author","bibbaseid":"galloway-dentener-capone-boyer-howarth-seitzinger-asner-cleveland-green-holland-karl-michaels-porter-townsend-vorosmarty-nitrogencyclespastpresentandfuture-2004"},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"http://www.eeb.cornell.edu/howarth/documents/Howarth2013_09_18.bib","downloads":0,"search_terms":["nitrogen","cycles","past","present","future","galloway","dentener","capone","boyer","howarth","seitzinger","asner","cleveland","green","holland","karl","michaels","porter","townsend","vorosmarty"],"title":"Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future","year":2004,"dataSources":["PN48FbheHDCMHk2uK"]}