Retinoid signaling in progenitors controls specification and regeneration of the urothelium. Gandhi, D, Molotkov, A, Batourina, E, Schneider, K, Dan, H, Reiley, M, Laufer, E, Metzger, D, Liang, F, Liao, Y, Sun, T., Aronow, B, Rosen, R, Mauney, J, Adam, R, Rosselot, C, Van Batavia, J, McMahon, A., McMahon, J, Guo, J., & Mendelsohn, C Developmental Cell, 26(5):469–482, September, 2013.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
The urothelium is a multilayered epithelium that serves as a barrier between the urinary tract and blood, preventing the exchange of water and toxic substances. It consists of superficial cells specialized for synthesis and transport of uroplakins that assemble into a tough apical plaque, one or more layers of intermediate cells, and keratin 5-expressing basal cells (K5-BCs), which are considered to be progenitors in the urothelium and other specialized epithelia. Fate mapping, however, reveals that intermediate cells rather than K5-BCs are progenitors in the adult regenerating urothelium, that P cells, a transient population, are progenitors in the embryo, and that retinoids are critical in P cells and intermediate cells, respectively, for their specification during development and regeneration. These observations have important implications for tissue engineering and repair and, ultimately, may lead to treatments that prevent loss of the urothelial barrier, a major cause of voiding dysfunction and bladder pain syndrome.
@article{gandhi_retinoid_2013,
	title = {Retinoid signaling in progenitors controls specification and regeneration of the urothelium},
	volume = {26},
	doi = {10.1016/j.devcel.2013.07.017},
	abstract = {The urothelium is a multilayered epithelium that serves as a barrier between the urinary tract and blood, preventing the exchange of water and toxic substances. It consists of superficial cells specialized for synthesis and transport of uroplakins that assemble into a tough apical plaque, one or more layers of intermediate cells, and keratin 5-expressing basal cells (K5-BCs), which are considered to be progenitors in the urothelium and other specialized epithelia. Fate mapping, however, reveals that intermediate cells rather than K5-BCs are progenitors in the adult regenerating urothelium, that P cells, a transient population, are progenitors in the embryo, and that retinoids are critical in P cells and intermediate cells, respectively, for their specification during development and regeneration. These observations have important implications for tissue engineering and repair and, ultimately, may lead to treatments that prevent loss of the urothelial barrier, a major cause of voiding dysfunction and bladder pain syndrome.},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Developmental Cell},
	author = {Gandhi, D and Molotkov, A and Batourina, E and Schneider, K and Dan, H and Reiley, M and Laufer, E and Metzger, D and Liang, F and Liao, Y and Sun, TT and Aronow, B and Rosen, R and Mauney, J and Adam, R and Rosselot, C and Van Batavia, J and McMahon, AP and McMahon, J and Guo, JJ and Mendelsohn, C},
	month = sep,
	year = {2013},
	pages = {469--482},
}

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