Sero-epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza viruses among wild birds in subarctic intercontinental transition zones. Gass, J. D., Dusek, R. J., Hill, N. J., Borkenhagen, L. K., Hall, J. S., Hallgrimsson, G. T., Bishop, M. A., Ramey, A. M., Spivey, T. J., Vignisson, S. R., Ragnarsdottir, S. B., Halldórsson, H. P., Jónsson, J. E., Simulynas, A. D., & Nutter, F. B. Virology Journal, April, 2024. ![Sero-epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza viruses among wild birds in subarctic intercontinental transition zones [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex 1 download The geographic expansion and evolution of A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996(H5N1) (Gs/GD) lineage H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses since 1996 have raised awareness of enzootic circulation among migratory birds and the potential for intercontinental transport and spread. Recent Pacific- and Atlantic-route introductions of HPAI to North America were facilitated by avian migration through subarctic zones, specifically Alaska and Iceland. This study aimed to identify recent historic patterns of exposure to HPAI viruses among birds within and migrating through both regions and evaluate how geographic, demographic, and taxonomic differences contribute to exposure risk at two intercontinental staging locations. Methods During 2010–2019, blood samples were obtained from captured wild migratory seabirds and waterfowl in Alaska and Iceland. All live birds were released following completion of sampling. Sampling date, species, sampling location, and age class was documented for each bird, and sex was documented when possible. Lentiviral pseudoviruses that express the influenza hemagglutinin surface glycoprotein for H5Nx HPAI and H5 low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) were constructed for use in serological assays to screen for and quantify titers of antibodies against the latter viruses. Data were analyzed to compare a) categorical baseline ecological traits between Iceland and Alaska, and b) ecological traits between birds identified to be seropositive and suggestive/seronegative/fully cross-reactive birds to H5Nx HPAI in Iceland and Alaska. Factors associated with seroreactivity to H5Nx HPAI and H5 LPAI were assessed. Results The seroprevalence of HPAI among birds in both locations was 7.3% (112/1528). Findings reveal variability in seroprevalence by year, higher rates of exposure to H5 LPAI than H5Nx HPAI overall, and significantly more seropositive and suggestive exposure of birds to H5Nx HPAI in Alaska as compared to Iceland. Geographic, demographic, and taxonomic differences contribute to exposure risk between Alaska and Iceland. Most tested birds were immuno-naïve to HPAI in both locations, which suggests many migratory birds in the subarctic are susceptible to HPAI infection, demonstrating significant risk for intercontinental transmission between Asia, Europe, and North America. Conclusions
@article{gass_sero-epidemiology_2024,
title = {Sero-epidemiology of {Highly} {Pathogenic} {Avian} {Influenza} viruses among wild birds in subarctic intercontinental transition zones},
volume = {In revision},
copyright = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
url = {https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-4233804/v1},
doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-4233804/v1},
abstract = {The geographic expansion and evolution of A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996(H5N1) (Gs/GD) lineage H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses since 1996 have raised awareness of enzootic circulation among migratory birds and the potential for intercontinental transport and spread. Recent Pacific- and Atlantic-route introductions of HPAI to North America were facilitated by avian migration through subarctic zones, specifically Alaska and Iceland. This study aimed to identify recent historic patterns of exposure to HPAI viruses among birds within and migrating through both regions and evaluate how geographic, demographic, and taxonomic differences contribute to exposure risk at two intercontinental staging locations.
Methods During 2010–2019, blood samples were obtained from captured wild migratory seabirds and waterfowl in Alaska and Iceland. All live birds were released following completion of sampling. Sampling date, species, sampling location, and age class was documented for each bird, and sex was documented when possible. Lentiviral pseudoviruses that express the influenza hemagglutinin surface glycoprotein for H5Nx HPAI and H5 low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) were constructed for use in serological assays to screen for and quantify titers of antibodies against the latter viruses. Data were analyzed to compare a) categorical baseline ecological traits between Iceland and Alaska, and b) ecological traits between birds identified to be seropositive and suggestive/seronegative/fully cross-reactive birds to H5Nx HPAI in Iceland and Alaska. Factors associated with seroreactivity to H5Nx HPAI and H5 LPAI were assessed.
Results The seroprevalence of HPAI among birds in both locations was 7.3\% (112/1528). Findings reveal variability in seroprevalence by year, higher rates of exposure to H5 LPAI than H5Nx HPAI overall, and significantly more seropositive and suggestive exposure of birds to H5Nx HPAI in Alaska as compared to Iceland. Geographic, demographic, and taxonomic differences contribute to exposure risk between Alaska and Iceland. Most tested birds were immuno-naïve to HPAI in both locations, which suggests many migratory birds in the subarctic are susceptible to HPAI infection, demonstrating significant risk for intercontinental transmission between Asia, Europe, and North America.
Conclusions},
language = {en},
urldate = {2024-09-14},
journal = {Virology Journal},
author = {Gass, Jonathon D. and Dusek, Robert J. and Hill, Nichola J. and Borkenhagen, Laura K. and Hall, Jeffrey S. and Hallgrimsson, Gunnar Thor and Bishop, Mary Anne and Ramey, Andrew M. and Spivey, Timothy J. and Vignisson, Solvi Runar and Ragnarsdottir, Sunna Bjork and Halldórsson, Halldór Pálmar and Jónsson, Jón Einar and Simulynas, Alexa D. and Nutter, Felicia B.},
month = apr,
year = {2024},
}
Downloads: 1
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B."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Sero-epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza viruses among wild birds in subarctic intercontinental transition zones","volume":"In revision","copyright":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-4233804/v1","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4233804/v1","abstract":"The geographic expansion and evolution of A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996(H5N1) (Gs/GD) lineage H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses since 1996 have raised awareness of enzootic circulation among migratory birds and the potential for intercontinental transport and spread. Recent Pacific- and Atlantic-route introductions of HPAI to North America were facilitated by avian migration through subarctic zones, specifically Alaska and Iceland. This study aimed to identify recent historic patterns of exposure to HPAI viruses among birds within and migrating through both regions and evaluate how geographic, demographic, and taxonomic differences contribute to exposure risk at two intercontinental staging locations. Methods During 2010–2019, blood samples were obtained from captured wild migratory seabirds and waterfowl in Alaska and Iceland. All live birds were released following completion of sampling. Sampling date, species, sampling location, and age class was documented for each bird, and sex was documented when possible. Lentiviral pseudoviruses that express the influenza hemagglutinin surface glycoprotein for H5Nx HPAI and H5 low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) were constructed for use in serological assays to screen for and quantify titers of antibodies against the latter viruses. Data were analyzed to compare a) categorical baseline ecological traits between Iceland and Alaska, and b) ecological traits between birds identified to be seropositive and suggestive/seronegative/fully cross-reactive birds to H5Nx HPAI in Iceland and Alaska. Factors associated with seroreactivity to H5Nx HPAI and H5 LPAI were assessed. Results The seroprevalence of HPAI among birds in both locations was 7.3% (112/1528). Findings reveal variability in seroprevalence by year, higher rates of exposure to H5 LPAI than H5Nx HPAI overall, and significantly more seropositive and suggestive exposure of birds to H5Nx HPAI in Alaska as compared to Iceland. Geographic, demographic, and taxonomic differences contribute to exposure risk between Alaska and Iceland. Most tested birds were immuno-naïve to HPAI in both locations, which suggests many migratory birds in the subarctic are susceptible to HPAI infection, demonstrating significant risk for intercontinental transmission between Asia, Europe, and North America. 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Recent Pacific- and Atlantic-route introductions of HPAI to North America were facilitated by avian migration through subarctic zones, specifically Alaska and Iceland. This study aimed to identify recent historic patterns of exposure to HPAI viruses among birds within and migrating through both regions and evaluate how geographic, demographic, and taxonomic differences contribute to exposure risk at two intercontinental staging locations.\nMethods During 2010–2019, blood samples were obtained from captured wild migratory seabirds and waterfowl in Alaska and Iceland. All live birds were released following completion of sampling. Sampling date, species, sampling location, and age class was documented for each bird, and sex was documented when possible. Lentiviral pseudoviruses that express the influenza hemagglutinin surface glycoprotein for H5Nx HPAI and H5 low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) were constructed for use in serological assays to screen for and quantify titers of antibodies against the latter viruses. Data were analyzed to compare a) categorical baseline ecological traits between Iceland and Alaska, and b) ecological traits between birds identified to be seropositive and suggestive/seronegative/fully cross-reactive birds to H5Nx HPAI in Iceland and Alaska. Factors associated with seroreactivity to H5Nx HPAI and H5 LPAI were assessed.\nResults The seroprevalence of HPAI among birds in both locations was 7.3\\% (112/1528). Findings reveal variability in seroprevalence by year, higher rates of exposure to H5 LPAI than H5Nx HPAI overall, and significantly more seropositive and suggestive exposure of birds to H5Nx HPAI in Alaska as compared to Iceland. 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