@incollection{Gaw17,
  author = {Gawthrop, Peter J.},
  editor = {Borutzky, Wolfgang},
  title = {Bond-Graph Modelling and Causal Analysis of Biomolecular Systems},
  booktitle = {Bond Graphs for Modelling, Control and Fault Diagnosis of Engineering Systems},
  year = {2017},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  address = {Berlin},
  pages = {587--623},
  isbn = {978-3-319-47434-2},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-47434-2_16},
  abstract = {Bond graph modelling of the biomolecular systems of living
                  organisms is introduced. Molecular species are
                  represented by non-linear C components and reactions
                  by non-linear two-port R components. As living
                  systems are neither at thermodynamic equilibrium nor
                  closed, open and non-equilibrium systems are
                  considered and illustrated using examples of
                  biomolecular systems. Open systems are modelled
                  using chemostats: chemical species with fixed
                  concentration. In addition to their role in ensuring
                  that models are energetically correct, bond graphs
                  provide a powerful and natural way of representing
                  and analysing causality. Causality is used in this
                  chapter to examine the properties of the junction
                  structures of biomolecular systems and how they
                  relate to biomolecular concepts.}
}

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