@Article{RSM:Van2002,
  author =       "I. C. Van Gelder and V. E. Hagens and H. A. Bosker and
                 J. H. Kingma and O. Kamp and T. Kingma and S. A. Said
                 and J. I. Darmanata and A. J. Timmermans and J. G.
                 Tijssen and H. J. Crijns",
  title =        "A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in
                 patients with recurrent persistent atrial
                 fibrillation",
  journal =      "N Engl J Med",
  volume =       "347",
  number =       "23",
  pages =        "1834--1840",
  abstract =     "BACKGROUND: Maintenance of sinus rhythm is the main
                 therapeutic goal in patients with atrial fibrillation.
                 However, recurrences of atrial fibrillation and side
                 effects of antiarrhythmic drugs offset the benefits of
                 sinus rhythm. We hypothesized that ventricular rate
                 control is not inferior to the maintenance of sinus
                 rhythm for the treatment of atrial fibrillation.
                 METHODS: We randomly assigned 522 patients who had
                 persistent atrial fibrillation after a previous
                 electrical cardioversion to receive treatment aimed at
                 rate control or rhythm control. Patients in the
                 rate-control group received oral anticoagulant drugs
                 and rate-slowing medication. Patients in the
                 rhythm-control group underwent serial cardioversions
                 and received antiarrhythmic drugs and oral
                 anticoagulant drugs. The end point was a composite of
                 death from cardiovascular causes, heart failure,
                 thromboembolic complications, bleeding, implantation of
                 a pacemaker, and severe adverse effects of drugs.
                 RESULTS: After a mean (+/-SD) of 2.3+/-0.6 years, 39
                 percent of the 266 patients in the rhythm-control group
                 had sinus rhythm, as compared with 10 percent of the
                 256 patients in the rate-control group. The primary end
                 point occurred in 44 patients (17.2 percent) in the
                 rate-control group and in 60 (22.6 percent) in the
                 rhythm-control group. The 90 percent (two-sided) upper
                 boundary of the absolute difference in the primary end
                 point was 0.4 percent (the prespecified criterion for
                 noninferiority was 10 percent or less). The
                 distribution of the various components of the primary
                 end point was similar in the rate-control and
                 rhythm-control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Rate control is not
                 inferior to rhythm control for the prevention of death
                 and morbidity from cardiovascular causes and may be
                 appropriate therapy in patients with a recurrence of
                 persistent atrial fibrillation after electrical
                 cardioversion.",
  keywords =     "Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use Aged
                 Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/*therapeutic use
                 Anticoagulants/*therapeutic use Atrial
                 Fibrillation/complications/mortality/*therapy Calcium
                 Channel Blockers/therapeutic use Combined Modality
                 Therapy Disease-Free Survival *Electric Countershock
                 Female Heart Rate Humans Hypertension/complications
                 Male Recurrence Sex Factors",
  year =         "2002",
}

{"_id":"yvwQmSGeAqeBia7Pt","bibbaseid":"gelder-hagens-bosker-kingma-kamp-kingma-said-darmanata-etal-acomparisonofratecontrolandrhythmcontrolinpatientswithrecurrentpersistentatrialfibrillation-2002","downloads":0,"creationDate":"2016-07-01T21:38:42.232Z","title":"A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation","author_short":["Gelder, I. C. V.","Hagens, V. E.","Bosker, H. A.","Kingma, J. H.","Kamp, O.","Kingma, T.","Said, S. A.","Darmanata, J. I.","Timmermans, A. J.","Tijssen, J. G.","Crijns, H. J."],"year":2002,"bibtype":"article","biburl":"http://www.sci.utah.edu/~macleod/Bibtex/biglit.bib","bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","author":[{"firstnames":["I.","C.","Van"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Gelder"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["V.","E."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Hagens"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["H.","A."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Bosker"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["J.","H."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kingma"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["O."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kamp"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["T."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kingma"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["S.","A."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Said"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["J.","I."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Darmanata"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["A.","J."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Timmermans"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["J.","G."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Tijssen"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["H.","J."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Crijns"],"suffixes":[]}],"title":"A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation","journal":"N Engl J Med","volume":"347","number":"23","pages":"1834–1840","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Maintenance of sinus rhythm is the main therapeutic goal in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, recurrences of atrial fibrillation and side effects of antiarrhythmic drugs offset the benefits of sinus rhythm. We hypothesized that ventricular rate control is not inferior to the maintenance of sinus rhythm for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. METHODS: We randomly assigned 522 patients who had persistent atrial fibrillation after a previous electrical cardioversion to receive treatment aimed at rate control or rhythm control. Patients in the rate-control group received oral anticoagulant drugs and rate-slowing medication. Patients in the rhythm-control group underwent serial cardioversions and received antiarrhythmic drugs and oral anticoagulant drugs. The end point was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, heart failure, thromboembolic complications, bleeding, implantation of a pacemaker, and severe adverse effects of drugs. RESULTS: After a mean (+/-SD) of 2.3+/-0.6 years, 39 percent of the 266 patients in the rhythm-control group had sinus rhythm, as compared with 10 percent of the 256 patients in the rate-control group. The primary end point occurred in 44 patients (17.2 percent) in the rate-control group and in 60 (22.6 percent) in the rhythm-control group. The 90 percent (two-sided) upper boundary of the absolute difference in the primary end point was 0.4 percent (the prespecified criterion for noninferiority was 10 percent or less). The distribution of the various components of the primary end point was similar in the rate-control and rhythm-control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Rate control is not inferior to rhythm control for the prevention of death and morbidity from cardiovascular causes and may be appropriate therapy in patients with a recurrence of persistent atrial fibrillation after electrical cardioversion.","keywords":"Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use Aged Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/*therapeutic use Anticoagulants/*therapeutic use Atrial Fibrillation/complications/mortality/*therapy Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use Combined Modality Therapy Disease-Free Survival *Electric Countershock Female Heart Rate Humans Hypertension/complications Male Recurrence Sex Factors","year":"2002","bibtex":"@Article{RSM:Van2002,\n author = \"I. C. Van Gelder and V. E. Hagens and H. A. Bosker and\n J. H. Kingma and O. Kamp and T. Kingma and S. A. Said\n and J. I. Darmanata and A. J. Timmermans and J. G.\n Tijssen and H. J. Crijns\",\n title = \"A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in\n patients with recurrent persistent atrial\n fibrillation\",\n journal = \"N Engl J Med\",\n volume = \"347\",\n number = \"23\",\n pages = \"1834--1840\",\n abstract = \"BACKGROUND: Maintenance of sinus rhythm is the main\n therapeutic goal in patients with atrial fibrillation.\n However, recurrences of atrial fibrillation and side\n effects of antiarrhythmic drugs offset the benefits of\n sinus rhythm. We hypothesized that ventricular rate\n control is not inferior to the maintenance of sinus\n rhythm for the treatment of atrial fibrillation.\n METHODS: We randomly assigned 522 patients who had\n persistent atrial fibrillation after a previous\n electrical cardioversion to receive treatment aimed at\n rate control or rhythm control. Patients in the\n rate-control group received oral anticoagulant drugs\n and rate-slowing medication. Patients in the\n rhythm-control group underwent serial cardioversions\n and received antiarrhythmic drugs and oral\n anticoagulant drugs. The end point was a composite of\n death from cardiovascular causes, heart failure,\n thromboembolic complications, bleeding, implantation of\n a pacemaker, and severe adverse effects of drugs.\n RESULTS: After a mean (+/-SD) of 2.3+/-0.6 years, 39\n percent of the 266 patients in the rhythm-control group\n had sinus rhythm, as compared with 10 percent of the\n 256 patients in the rate-control group. The primary end\n point occurred in 44 patients (17.2 percent) in the\n rate-control group and in 60 (22.6 percent) in the\n rhythm-control group. The 90 percent (two-sided) upper\n boundary of the absolute difference in the primary end\n point was 0.4 percent (the prespecified criterion for\n noninferiority was 10 percent or less). The\n distribution of the various components of the primary\n end point was similar in the rate-control and\n rhythm-control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Rate control is not\n inferior to rhythm control for the prevention of death\n and morbidity from cardiovascular causes and may be\n appropriate therapy in patients with a recurrence of\n persistent atrial fibrillation after electrical\n cardioversion.\",\n keywords = \"Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use Aged\n Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/*therapeutic use\n Anticoagulants/*therapeutic use Atrial\n Fibrillation/complications/mortality/*therapy Calcium\n Channel Blockers/therapeutic use Combined Modality\n Therapy Disease-Free Survival *Electric Countershock\n Female Heart Rate Humans Hypertension/complications\n Male Recurrence Sex Factors\",\n year = \"2002\",\n}\n\n","author_short":["Gelder, I. C. V.","Hagens, V. E.","Bosker, H. A.","Kingma, J. H.","Kamp, O.","Kingma, T.","Said, S. A.","Darmanata, J. I.","Timmermans, A. J.","Tijssen, J. G.","Crijns, H. J."],"key":"RSM:Van2002","id":"RSM:Van2002","bibbaseid":"gelder-hagens-bosker-kingma-kamp-kingma-said-darmanata-etal-acomparisonofratecontrolandrhythmcontrolinpatientswithrecurrentpersistentatrialfibrillation-2002","role":"author","urls":{},"keyword":["Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use Aged Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/*therapeutic use Anticoagulants/*therapeutic use Atrial Fibrillation/complications/mortality/*therapy Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use Combined Modality Therapy Disease-Free Survival *Electric Countershock Female Heart Rate Humans Hypertension/complications Male Recurrence Sex Factors"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}},"downloads":0,"html":""},"search_terms":["comparison","rate","control","rhythm","control","patients","recurrent","persistent","atrial","fibrillation","gelder","hagens","bosker","kingma","kamp","kingma","said","darmanata","timmermans","tijssen","crijns"],"keywords":["adrenergic beta-antagonists/therapeutic use aged anti-arrhythmia agents/*therapeutic use anticoagulants/*therapeutic use atrial fibrillation/complications/mortality/*therapy calcium channel blockers/therapeutic use combined modality therapy disease-free survival *electric countershock female heart rate humans hypertension/complications male recurrence sex factors"],"authorIDs":[],"dataSources":["5HG3Kp8zRwDd7FotB"]}