Optimized cool roofs: Integrating albedo and thermal emittance with R-value. Gentle, A. R., Aguilar, J. L. C., & Smith, G. B. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 95(12):3207–3215, December, 2011.
Optimized cool roofs: Integrating albedo and thermal emittance with R-value [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
For cool roofs the combined effect of the three parameters that define heat gain and loss from a roof, namely solar albedo α, thermal emittance E, and sub-roof R-value, must be considered. An accurate contribution of night sky cooling, and hence humidity and total down-welling atmospheric radiation is needed. A systematic analysis of the contribution of a roof to average cooling load per day and to peak load reductions is presented for a temperate climate zone over 6 cooling months using an hour-by-hour analysis. Eighteen 3-parameter sets (α,E,R) demonstrate the over-riding importance of a high α, while sensitivity to R-value and E drops away as albedo rises. Up-front cost per unit reductions in peak demand or average energy use per day always rises strongly as R rises unless albedo is low. A moderate R∼1.63 is superior to high R unless a roof is dark, or winter heating demand is high. We indicate briefly why the roof typically does not present a dominant influence on average winter heating needs in most temperate zones, enhancing the benefits of cool roofs.
@article{gentle_optimized_2011,
	title = {Optimized cool roofs: {Integrating} albedo and thermal emittance with {R}-value},
	volume = {95},
	issn = {0927-0248},
	shorttitle = {Optimized cool roofs},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024811004211},
	doi = {10.1016/j.solmat.2011.07.018},
	abstract = {For cool roofs the combined effect of the three parameters that define heat gain and loss from a roof, namely solar albedo α, thermal emittance E, and sub-roof R-value, must be considered. An accurate contribution of night sky cooling, and hence humidity and total down-welling atmospheric radiation is needed. A systematic analysis of the contribution of a roof to average cooling load per day and to peak load reductions is presented for a temperate climate zone over 6 cooling months using an hour-by-hour analysis. Eighteen 3-parameter sets (α,E,R) demonstrate the over-riding importance of a high α, while sensitivity to R-value and E drops away as albedo rises. Up-front cost per unit reductions in peak demand or average energy use per day always rises strongly as R rises unless albedo is low. A moderate R∼1.63 is superior to high R unless a roof is dark, or winter heating demand is high. We indicate briefly why the roof typically does not present a dominant influence on average winter heating needs in most temperate zones, enhancing the benefits of cool roofs.},
	language = {en},
	number = {12},
	urldate = {2020-07-13},
	journal = {Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells},
	author = {Gentle, A. R. and Aguilar, J. L. C. and Smith, G. B.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {-value, Albedo, Cool roof, Cooling load, Cost benefits, Peak demand},
	pages = {3207--3215},
}

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