@book{geser_open_2007,
	address = {Salzburg},
	title = {Open educational practices and resources: {The} {OLCOS} roadmap 2012},
	shorttitle = {Open educational practices and resources},
	url = {http://idp.uoc.edu/index.php/rusc/article/view/v4n1-geser},
	abstract = {As a Transversal Action under the European eLearning Programme, the Open e-Learning
Content Observatory Services (OLCOS) project carries out a set of activities that aim at fostering
the creation, sharing and re-use of Open Educational Resources (OER) in Europe and beyond.
OER are understood to comprise content for teaching and learning, software-based tools
and services, and licenses that allow for open development and re-use of content, tools and
services.
The OLCOS road mapping work was conducted to provide decision makers with an overview
of current and likely future developments in OER and recommendations on how various
challenges in OER could be addressed.
While the results of the road mapping will provide some basis for policy and institutional
planning, strategic leadership and decision making is needed for implementing measures that
are likely to promote a further uptake of open educational practices and resources.
OER are understood to be an important element of policies that want to leverage education
and lifelong learning for the knowledge economy and society. However, OLCOS emphasises
that it is crucial to also promote innovation and change in educational practices.
In particular, OLCOS warns that delivering OER to the still dominant model of teachercentred
knowledge transfer will have little effect on equipping teachers, students and workers
with the competences, knowledge and skills to participate successfully in the knowledge
economy and society.
This report emphasises the need to foster open practices of teaching and learning that are
informed by a competency-based educational framework. However, it is understood that a shift
towards such practices will only happen in the longer term in a step-by-step process. Bringing
about this shift will require targeted and sustained efforts by educational leaders at all levels.
The road mapping work covers the following areas:
{\textbar} Policies, institutional frameworks and business models;
{\textbar} Open Access and open content repositories;
{\textbar} Laboratories of open educational practices and resources.
For each of these areas, drivers/enablers and inhibitors of OER and open educational
practices are identified and described in detail. The results are summarised in Roadmap Briefs,
which may be used as starting points for discussing initiatives in OER and open educational
practices on a strategic level.
Among the critical inhibitors that have been identified the following three should receive
particular attention:
{\textbar} In order to see researchers and educators excel in OER, academic and educational institutions
will need to implement appropriate mechanisms of recognition and reward.
{\textbar} Business models in OER will remain tricky. The right mix of income streams must be found,
and there will be growing competition for scarce funding resources.
{\textbar} Regarding educational repositories at present there exists little experience in how to effectively
support communities of practice, which is of critical importance if OER initiatives want to
grow based on user contributions.
Executive summary
13
With respect to potential drivers/enablers, the following three are among those of general
importance:
{\textbar} The urgency of the lifelong learning agenda in Europe and beyond makes OER initiatives
targeted at driving participation particularly welcome.
{\textbar} Whereas current OER initiatives focus mainly on providing access to static course material,
a new generation of easy-to-use Web-based tools and services provides opportunities to offer
potentially more effective OER.
{\textbar} For authors and institutions who wish to provide OER while retaining some copyrights,
the set of Creative Commons licenses allows for doing so in an internationally standardised
way.
However, these points are only a limited selection of observations from OLCOS’ much
broader assessment of issues and developments in OER and open educational practices.
Based on the road mapping results the OLCOS report provides a more comprehensive set
of recommendations for the following decision makers and stakeholders:
{\textbar} Educational policy makers and funding bodies;
{\textbar} Boards, directors and supervisors of educational institutions;
{\textbar} Teachers;
{\textbar} Students;
{\textbar} Educational repositories;
{\textbar} Developers and implementers of e-learning tools and environments.
The OLCOS Project Consortium invites decision makers and stakeholders in OER to
consult the project website, www.olcos.org, for further information on ongoing activities and
other products.
We welcome comments and suggestions on our products as well as the opportunity to
establish cooperation with other ongoing projects and new initiatives in OER and open
educational practices.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2013-08-25},
	publisher = {Salzburg Research, EduMedia Group, Austria},
	editor = {Geser, Guntram},
	collaborator = {Baumgartner, Peter and Naust, Viola and Canals, Agustí and Ferran, Núria and Minguillón, Juliá and Pascual, Mireira and Rajalakso, Mats and Väliharju, Timo and Behrend, Wernher and Gruber, Andreas and Hornung-Prähauser, Veronika and Schaffert, Sebastian},
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {2007},
}

{"_id":{"_str":"5342aaf00e946d920a00309a"},"__v":1,"authorIDs":[],"author_short":null,"bibbaseid":"geser-openeducationalpracticesandresourcestheolcosroadmap2012-2007","bibdata":{"bibtype":"book","type":"book","address":"Salzburg","title":"Open educational practices and resources: The OLCOS roadmap 2012","shorttitle":"Open educational practices and resources","url":"http://idp.uoc.edu/index.php/rusc/article/view/v4n1-geser","abstract":"As a Transversal Action under the European eLearning Programme, the Open e-Learning Content Observatory Services (OLCOS) project carries out a set of activities that aim at fostering the creation, sharing and re-use of Open Educational Resources (OER) in Europe and beyond. OER are understood to comprise content for teaching and learning, software-based tools and services, and licenses that allow for open development and re-use of content, tools and services. The OLCOS road mapping work was conducted to provide decision makers with an overview of current and likely future developments in OER and recommendations on how various challenges in OER could be addressed. While the results of the road mapping will provide some basis for policy and institutional planning, strategic leadership and decision making is needed for implementing measures that are likely to promote a further uptake of open educational practices and resources. OER are understood to be an important element of policies that want to leverage education and lifelong learning for the knowledge economy and society. However, OLCOS emphasises that it is crucial to also promote innovation and change in educational practices. In particular, OLCOS warns that delivering OER to the still dominant model of teachercentred knowledge transfer will have little effect on equipping teachers, students and workers with the competences, knowledge and skills to participate successfully in the knowledge economy and society. This report emphasises the need to foster open practices of teaching and learning that are informed by a competency-based educational framework. However, it is understood that a shift towards such practices will only happen in the longer term in a step-by-step process. Bringing about this shift will require targeted and sustained efforts by educational leaders at all levels. The road mapping work covers the following areas: \\textbar Policies, institutional frameworks and business models; \\textbar Open Access and open content repositories; \\textbar Laboratories of open educational practices and resources. For each of these areas, drivers/enablers and inhibitors of OER and open educational practices are identified and described in detail. The results are summarised in Roadmap Briefs, which may be used as starting points for discussing initiatives in OER and open educational practices on a strategic level. Among the critical inhibitors that have been identified the following three should receive particular attention: \\textbar In order to see researchers and educators excel in OER, academic and educational institutions will need to implement appropriate mechanisms of recognition and reward. \\textbar Business models in OER will remain tricky. The right mix of income streams must be found, and there will be growing competition for scarce funding resources. \\textbar Regarding educational repositories at present there exists little experience in how to effectively support communities of practice, which is of critical importance if OER initiatives want to grow based on user contributions. Executive summary 13 With respect to potential drivers/enablers, the following three are among those of general importance: \\textbar The urgency of the lifelong learning agenda in Europe and beyond makes OER initiatives targeted at driving participation particularly welcome. \\textbar Whereas current OER initiatives focus mainly on providing access to static course material, a new generation of easy-to-use Web-based tools and services provides opportunities to offer potentially more effective OER. \\textbar For authors and institutions who wish to provide OER while retaining some copyrights, the set of Creative Commons licenses allows for doing so in an internationally standardised way. However, these points are only a limited selection of observations from OLCOS’ much broader assessment of issues and developments in OER and open educational practices. Based on the road mapping results the OLCOS report provides a more comprehensive set of recommendations for the following decision makers and stakeholders: \\textbar Educational policy makers and funding bodies; \\textbar Boards, directors and supervisors of educational institutions; \\textbar Teachers; \\textbar Students; \\textbar Educational repositories; \\textbar Developers and implementers of e-learning tools and environments. The OLCOS Project Consortium invites decision makers and stakeholders in OER to consult the project website, www.olcos.org, for further information on ongoing activities and other products. We welcome comments and suggestions on our products as well as the opportunity to establish cooperation with other ongoing projects and new initiatives in OER and open educational practices.","language":"en","urldate":"2013-08-25","publisher":"Salzburg Research, EduMedia Group, Austria","editor":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Geser"],"firstnames":["Guntram"],"suffixes":[]}],"collaborator":"Baumgartner, Peter and Naust, Viola and Canals, Agustí and Ferran, Núria and Minguillón, Juliá and Pascual, Mireira and Rajalakso, Mats and Väliharju, Timo and Behrend, Wernher and Gruber, Andreas and Hornung-Prähauser, Veronika and Schaffert, Sebastian","year":"2007","keywords":"2007","bibtex":"@book{geser_open_2007,\n\taddress = {Salzburg},\n\ttitle = {Open educational practices and resources: {The} {OLCOS} roadmap 2012},\n\tshorttitle = {Open educational practices and resources},\n\turl = {http://idp.uoc.edu/index.php/rusc/article/view/v4n1-geser},\n\tabstract = {As a Transversal Action under the European eLearning Programme, the Open e-Learning\nContent Observatory Services (OLCOS) project carries out a set of activities that aim at fostering\nthe creation, sharing and re-use of Open Educational Resources (OER) in Europe and beyond.\nOER are understood to comprise content for teaching and learning, software-based tools\nand services, and licenses that allow for open development and re-use of content, tools and\nservices.\nThe OLCOS road mapping work was conducted to provide decision makers with an overview\nof current and likely future developments in OER and recommendations on how various\nchallenges in OER could be addressed.\nWhile the results of the road mapping will provide some basis for policy and institutional\nplanning, strategic leadership and decision making is needed for implementing measures that\nare likely to promote a further uptake of open educational practices and resources.\nOER are understood to be an important element of policies that want to leverage education\nand lifelong learning for the knowledge economy and society. However, OLCOS emphasises\nthat it is crucial to also promote innovation and change in educational practices.\nIn particular, OLCOS warns that delivering OER to the still dominant model of teachercentred\nknowledge transfer will have little effect on equipping teachers, students and workers\nwith the competences, knowledge and skills to participate successfully in the knowledge\neconomy and society.\nThis report emphasises the need to foster open practices of teaching and learning that are\ninformed by a competency-based educational framework. However, it is understood that a shift\ntowards such practices will only happen in the longer term in a step-by-step process. Bringing\nabout this shift will require targeted and sustained efforts by educational leaders at all levels.\nThe road mapping work covers the following areas:\n{\\textbar} Policies, institutional frameworks and business models;\n{\\textbar} Open Access and open content repositories;\n{\\textbar} Laboratories of open educational practices and resources.\nFor each of these areas, drivers/enablers and inhibitors of OER and open educational\npractices are identified and described in detail. The results are summarised in Roadmap Briefs,\nwhich may be used as starting points for discussing initiatives in OER and open educational\npractices on a strategic level.\nAmong the critical inhibitors that have been identified the following three should receive\nparticular attention:\n{\\textbar} In order to see researchers and educators excel in OER, academic and educational institutions\nwill need to implement appropriate mechanisms of recognition and reward.\n{\\textbar} Business models in OER will remain tricky. The right mix of income streams must be found,\nand there will be growing competition for scarce funding resources.\n{\\textbar} Regarding educational repositories at present there exists little experience in how to effectively\nsupport communities of practice, which is of critical importance if OER initiatives want to\ngrow based on user contributions.\nExecutive summary\n13\nWith respect to potential drivers/enablers, the following three are among those of general\nimportance:\n{\\textbar} The urgency of the lifelong learning agenda in Europe and beyond makes OER initiatives\ntargeted at driving participation particularly welcome.\n{\\textbar} Whereas current OER initiatives focus mainly on providing access to static course material,\na new generation of easy-to-use Web-based tools and services provides opportunities to offer\npotentially more effective OER.\n{\\textbar} For authors and institutions who wish to provide OER while retaining some copyrights,\nthe set of Creative Commons licenses allows for doing so in an internationally standardised\nway.\nHowever, these points are only a limited selection of observations from OLCOS’ much\nbroader assessment of issues and developments in OER and open educational practices.\nBased on the road mapping results the OLCOS report provides a more comprehensive set\nof recommendations for the following decision makers and stakeholders:\n{\\textbar} Educational policy makers and funding bodies;\n{\\textbar} Boards, directors and supervisors of educational institutions;\n{\\textbar} Teachers;\n{\\textbar} Students;\n{\\textbar} Educational repositories;\n{\\textbar} Developers and implementers of e-learning tools and environments.\nThe OLCOS Project Consortium invites decision makers and stakeholders in OER to\nconsult the project website, www.olcos.org, for further information on ongoing activities and\nother products.\nWe welcome comments and suggestions on our products as well as the opportunity to\nestablish cooperation with other ongoing projects and new initiatives in OER and open\neducational practices.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2013-08-25},\n\tpublisher = {Salzburg Research, EduMedia Group, Austria},\n\teditor = {Geser, Guntram},\n\tcollaborator = {Baumgartner, Peter and Naust, Viola and Canals, Agustí and Ferran, Núria and Minguillón, Juliá and Pascual, Mireira and Rajalakso, Mats and Väliharju, Timo and Behrend, Wernher and Gruber, Andreas and Hornung-Prähauser, Veronika and Schaffert, Sebastian},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {2007},\n}\n\n","editor_short":["Geser, G."],"key":"geser_open_2007","id":"geser_open_2007","bibbaseid":"geser-openeducationalpracticesandresourcestheolcosroadmap2012-2007","role":"editor","urls":{"Paper":"http://idp.uoc.edu/index.php/rusc/article/view/v4n1-geser"},"keyword":["2007"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"book","biburl":"http://bibbase.org/zotero/peter.baumgartner","downloads":0,"keywords":["2007"],"search_terms":["open","educational","practices","resources","olcos","roadmap","2012"],"title":"Open educational practices and resources: The OLCOS roadmap 2012","year":2007,"dataSources":["MdtPMyTKrfcN5SgwY"]}