Music as communication. Gfeller, K. E. In Music therapy in the treatment of adults with mental disorders: Theoretical bases and clinical interventions, 2nd ed., pages 42–59. MMB Music, St Louis, MO, US, 2002.
abstract   bibtex   
Notes that music, while nondiscursive, does indeed transmit information, including emotional messages. Through association by contiguity, cultural convention, and structural properties (i. e. iconity), it functions as a symbol capable of evoking feelings. Music's nonreferential nature renders it capable of manifold meaning and flexibility. As a nondiscursive language, music transcends intellectual, rational thought and communicates readily through high levels of redundancy. It communicates human needs and values when words no longer suffice. Because music can reflect, influence, and alter emotional response, it has particular merit as a therapeutic tool in those treatment processes that include identification, awareness, reflection, or expression of feelings and relevant issues. The ease with which music can be used in conjunction with textual or visual information further contributes to its value as a highly flexible therapeutic medium. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
@incollection{gfeller_music_2002,
	address = {St Louis,  MO,  US},
	title = {Music as communication.},
	isbn = {1-58106-026-2 (Paperback)},
	abstract = {Notes that music, while nondiscursive, does indeed transmit information, including emotional messages. Through association by contiguity, cultural convention, and structural properties (i. e. iconity), it functions as a symbol capable of evoking feelings. Music's nonreferential nature renders it capable of manifold meaning and flexibility. As a nondiscursive language, music transcends intellectual, rational thought and communicates readily through high levels of redundancy. It communicates human needs and values when words no longer suffice. Because music can reflect, influence, and alter emotional response, it has particular merit as a therapeutic tool in those treatment processes that include identification, awareness, reflection, or expression of feelings and relevant issues. The ease with which music can be used in conjunction with textual or visual information further contributes to its value as a highly flexible therapeutic medium. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	booktitle = {Music therapy in the treatment of adults with mental disorders: {Theoretical} bases and clinical interventions, 2nd ed.},
	publisher = {MMB Music},
	author = {Gfeller, Kate E.},
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {*Emotional Responses, *Emotional States, *Interpersonal Communication, *Music, *Music Therapy, Messages},
	pages = {42--59},
}

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