Shedding of HIV and human herpesviruses in the semen of effectively treated HIV-1-infected men who have sex with men. Gianella, S., Smith, D. M., Vargas, M. V., Little, S. J., Richman, D. D., Daar, E. S., Dube, M. P., Zhang, F., Ginocchio, C. C., Haubrich, R. H., Morris, S. R., & CCTG 592 Team Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 57(3):441–447, August, 2013. doi abstract bibtex BACKGROUND: Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in blood to undetectable levels in most infected individuals; however, some men shed HIV in semen despite suppressed levels in blood. METHODS: This study included 114 chronically HIV type 1-infected men who have sex with men, who were receiving ART with blood plasma HIV \textless500 copies/mL. Asymptomatic participants were screened for bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and nonspecific genital inflammation. Levels of HIV and 7 human herpesviruses were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in seminal plasma. Predictors of HIV seminal shedding were determined for the entire cohort, and on the subset of 100 subjects with blood plasma HIV \textless50 copies/mL. RESULTS: Eleven subjects (9.6%) had detectable levels of seminal HIV (median, 2.1 log10 copies/mL), and 72 (63.2%) had at least 1 herpesvirus detected in their seminal plasma. Detectable levels of seminal HIV were present more often in persons with plasma HIV between 50 and 500 copies/mL compared to those \textless50 copies/mL (P values adjusted for false discovery rate [FDR] = 0.08). There was a trend for high-level cytomegalovirus (CMV; \textgreater4 log10 DNA copies/mL; FDR-adjusted P = .08), and presence of Epstein-Barr virus (FDR-adjusted P = .06) in semen to be associated with detectable seminal HIV levels. In a subanalysis of 100 subjects with blood plasma HIV \textless50 copies/mL, high levels of CMV in semen was the only significant predictor for seminal HIV shedding. CONCLUSIONS: Low-level HIV replication in blood and high-level seminal CMV shedding, but not presence of asymptomatic STIs, is associated with seminal shedding of HIV in men receiving ART, conferring a potential risk for HIV transmission.
@article{gianella_shedding_2013,
title = {Shedding of {HIV} and human herpesviruses in the semen of effectively treated {HIV}-1-infected men who have sex with men},
volume = {57},
issn = {1537-6591},
doi = {10.1093/cid/cit252},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in blood to undetectable levels in most infected individuals; however, some men shed HIV in semen despite suppressed levels in blood.
METHODS: This study included 114 chronically HIV type 1-infected men who have sex with men, who were receiving ART with blood plasma HIV {\textless}500 copies/mL. Asymptomatic participants were screened for bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and nonspecific genital inflammation. Levels of HIV and 7 human herpesviruses were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in seminal plasma. Predictors of HIV seminal shedding were determined for the entire cohort, and on the subset of 100 subjects with blood plasma HIV {\textless}50 copies/mL.
RESULTS: Eleven subjects (9.6\%) had detectable levels of seminal HIV (median, 2.1 log10 copies/mL), and 72 (63.2\%) had at least 1 herpesvirus detected in their seminal plasma. Detectable levels of seminal HIV were present more often in persons with plasma HIV between 50 and 500 copies/mL compared to those {\textless}50 copies/mL (P values adjusted for false discovery rate [FDR] = 0.08). There was a trend for high-level cytomegalovirus (CMV; {\textgreater}4 log10 DNA copies/mL; FDR-adjusted P = .08), and presence of Epstein-Barr virus (FDR-adjusted P = .06) in semen to be associated with detectable seminal HIV levels. In a subanalysis of 100 subjects with blood plasma HIV {\textless}50 copies/mL, high levels of CMV in semen was the only significant predictor for seminal HIV shedding.
CONCLUSIONS: Low-level HIV replication in blood and high-level seminal CMV shedding, but not presence of asymptomatic STIs, is associated with seminal shedding of HIV in men receiving ART, conferring a potential risk for HIV transmission.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
author = {Gianella, Sara and Smith, Davey M. and Vargas, Milenka V. and Little, Susan J. and Richman, Douglas D. and Daar, Eric S. and Dube, Michael P. and Zhang, Fan and Ginocchio, Christina C. and Haubrich, Richard H. and Morris, Sheldon R. and {CCTG 592 Team}},
month = aug,
year = {2013},
pmid = {23595831},
pmcid = {PMC3703105},
keywords = {Adult, Anti-Retroviral Agents, HIV Infections, HIV shedding, HIV transmission, HIV-1, Herpesviridae, Herpesviridae Infections, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Plasma, Prevalence, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Semen, Virus Shedding, antiretroviral therapy, cytomegalovirus, semen},
pages = {441--447},
}
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{"_id":"CyBn97CJobv3wqkiD","bibbaseid":"gianella-smith-vargas-little-richman-daar-dube-zhang-etal-sheddingofhivandhumanherpesvirusesinthesemenofeffectivelytreatedhiv1infectedmenwhohavesexwithmen-2013","author_short":["Gianella, S.","Smith, D. M.","Vargas, M. V.","Little, S. J.","Richman, D. D.","Daar, E. S.","Dube, M. P.","Zhang, F.","Ginocchio, C. C.","Haubrich, R. H.","Morris, S. R.","CCTG 592 Team"],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Shedding of HIV and human herpesviruses in the semen of effectively treated HIV-1-infected men who have sex with men","volume":"57","issn":"1537-6591","doi":"10.1093/cid/cit252","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in blood to undetectable levels in most infected individuals; however, some men shed HIV in semen despite suppressed levels in blood. METHODS: This study included 114 chronically HIV type 1-infected men who have sex with men, who were receiving ART with blood plasma HIV \\textless500 copies/mL. Asymptomatic participants were screened for bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and nonspecific genital inflammation. Levels of HIV and 7 human herpesviruses were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in seminal plasma. Predictors of HIV seminal shedding were determined for the entire cohort, and on the subset of 100 subjects with blood plasma HIV \\textless50 copies/mL. RESULTS: Eleven subjects (9.6%) had detectable levels of seminal HIV (median, 2.1 log10 copies/mL), and 72 (63.2%) had at least 1 herpesvirus detected in their seminal plasma. Detectable levels of seminal HIV were present more often in persons with plasma HIV between 50 and 500 copies/mL compared to those \\textless50 copies/mL (P values adjusted for false discovery rate [FDR] = 0.08). There was a trend for high-level cytomegalovirus (CMV; \\textgreater4 log10 DNA copies/mL; FDR-adjusted P = .08), and presence of Epstein-Barr virus (FDR-adjusted P = .06) in semen to be associated with detectable seminal HIV levels. In a subanalysis of 100 subjects with blood plasma HIV \\textless50 copies/mL, high levels of CMV in semen was the only significant predictor for seminal HIV shedding. CONCLUSIONS: Low-level HIV replication in blood and high-level seminal CMV shedding, but not presence of asymptomatic STIs, is associated with seminal shedding of HIV in men receiving ART, conferring a potential risk for HIV transmission.","language":"eng","number":"3","journal":"Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Gianella"],"firstnames":["Sara"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Smith"],"firstnames":["Davey","M."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Vargas"],"firstnames":["Milenka","V."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Little"],"firstnames":["Susan","J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Richman"],"firstnames":["Douglas","D."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Daar"],"firstnames":["Eric","S."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Dube"],"firstnames":["Michael","P."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Zhang"],"firstnames":["Fan"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Ginocchio"],"firstnames":["Christina","C."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Haubrich"],"firstnames":["Richard","H."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Morris"],"firstnames":["Sheldon","R."],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":[],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["CCTG 592 Team"],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"August","year":"2013","pmid":"23595831","pmcid":"PMC3703105","keywords":"Adult, Anti-Retroviral Agents, HIV Infections, HIV shedding, HIV transmission, HIV-1, Herpesviridae, Herpesviridae Infections, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Plasma, Prevalence, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Semen, Virus Shedding, antiretroviral therapy, cytomegalovirus, semen","pages":"441–447","bibtex":"@article{gianella_shedding_2013,\n\ttitle = {Shedding of {HIV} and human herpesviruses in the semen of effectively treated {HIV}-1-infected men who have sex with men},\n\tvolume = {57},\n\tissn = {1537-6591},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/cid/cit252},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in blood to undetectable levels in most infected individuals; however, some men shed HIV in semen despite suppressed levels in blood.\nMETHODS: This study included 114 chronically HIV type 1-infected men who have sex with men, who were receiving ART with blood plasma HIV {\\textless}500 copies/mL. Asymptomatic participants were screened for bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and nonspecific genital inflammation. Levels of HIV and 7 human herpesviruses were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in seminal plasma. Predictors of HIV seminal shedding were determined for the entire cohort, and on the subset of 100 subjects with blood plasma HIV {\\textless}50 copies/mL.\nRESULTS: Eleven subjects (9.6\\%) had detectable levels of seminal HIV (median, 2.1 log10 copies/mL), and 72 (63.2\\%) had at least 1 herpesvirus detected in their seminal plasma. Detectable levels of seminal HIV were present more often in persons with plasma HIV between 50 and 500 copies/mL compared to those {\\textless}50 copies/mL (P values adjusted for false discovery rate [FDR] = 0.08). There was a trend for high-level cytomegalovirus (CMV; {\\textgreater}4 log10 DNA copies/mL; FDR-adjusted P = .08), and presence of Epstein-Barr virus (FDR-adjusted P = .06) in semen to be associated with detectable seminal HIV levels. In a subanalysis of 100 subjects with blood plasma HIV {\\textless}50 copies/mL, high levels of CMV in semen was the only significant predictor for seminal HIV shedding.\nCONCLUSIONS: Low-level HIV replication in blood and high-level seminal CMV shedding, but not presence of asymptomatic STIs, is associated with seminal shedding of HIV in men receiving ART, conferring a potential risk for HIV transmission.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},\n\tauthor = {Gianella, Sara and Smith, Davey M. and Vargas, Milenka V. and Little, Susan J. and Richman, Douglas D. and Daar, Eric S. and Dube, Michael P. and Zhang, Fan and Ginocchio, Christina C. and Haubrich, Richard H. and Morris, Sheldon R. and {CCTG 592 Team}},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpmid = {23595831},\n\tpmcid = {PMC3703105},\n\tkeywords = {Adult, Anti-Retroviral Agents, HIV Infections, HIV shedding, HIV transmission, HIV-1, Herpesviridae, Herpesviridae Infections, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Plasma, Prevalence, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Semen, Virus Shedding, antiretroviral therapy, cytomegalovirus, semen},\n\tpages = {441--447},\n}\n\n\n\n","author_short":["Gianella, S.","Smith, D. 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