@ARTICLE{Gibson_2011,title={Primary forests are irreplaceable for sustaining tropical biodiversity},year={2011},author={Luke Gibson and Luke Gibson and Tien Ming Lee and Tien Ming Lee and Lian Pin Koh and Lian Pin Koh and Barry W. Brook and Barry W. Brook and Toby Gardner and Toby A. Gardner and Jos Barlow and Jos Barlow and Carlos A. Peres and Carlos A. Peres and Corey J. A. Bradshaw and Corey J. A. Bradshaw and William F. Laurance and William F. Laurance and Thomas Ε. Lovejoy and Thomas E. Lovejoy and Thomas E. Lovejoy and Navjot S. Sodhi and Navjot S. Sodhi},doi={10.1038/nature10425},pmid={21918513},pmcid={null},mag_id={1996359250},journal={Nature},abstract={Human-driven land-use changes increasingly threaten biodiversity, particularly in tropical forests where both species diversity and human pressures on natural environments are high. The rapid conversion of tropical forests for agriculture, timber production and other uses has generated vast, human-dominated landscapes with potentially dire consequences for tropical biodiversity. Today, few truly undisturbed tropical forests exist, whereas those degraded by repeated logging and fires, as well as secondary and plantation forests, are rapidly expanding. Here we provide a global assessment of the impact of disturbance and land conversion on biodiversity in tropical forests using a meta-analysis of 138 studies. We analysed 2,220 pairwise comparisons of biodiversity values in primary forests (with little or no human disturbance) and disturbed forests. We found that biodiversity values were substantially lower in degraded forests, but that this varied considerably by geographic region, taxonomic group, ecological metric and disturbance type. Even after partly accounting for confounding colonization and succession effects due to the composition of surrounding habitats, isolation and time since disturbance, we find that most forms of forest degradation have an overwhelmingly detrimental effect on tropical biodiversity. Our results clearly indicate that when it comes to maintaining tropical biodiversity, there is no substitute for primary forests.}}

{"_id":"YcybqYjda8RBMxDXv","bibbaseid":"gibson-gibson-lee-lee-koh-koh-brook-brook-etal-primaryforestsareirreplaceableforsustainingtropicalbiodiversity-2011","author_short":["Gibson, L.","Gibson, L.","Lee, T. M.","Lee, T. M.","Koh, L. P.","Koh, L. P.","Brook, B. W.","Brook, B. W.","Gardner, T.","Gardner, T. A.","Barlow, J.","Barlow, J.","Peres, C. A.","Peres, C. A.","Bradshaw, C. J. A.","Bradshaw, C. J. A.","Laurance, W. F.","Laurance, W. F.","Lovejoy, T. Ε.","Lovejoy, T. E.","Lovejoy, T. E.","Sodhi, N. S.","Sodhi, N. S."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Primary forests are irreplaceable for sustaining tropical biodiversity","year":"2011","author":[{"firstnames":["Luke"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Gibson"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Luke"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Gibson"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Tien","Ming"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Lee"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Tien","Ming"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Lee"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Lian","Pin"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Koh"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Lian","Pin"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Koh"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Barry","W."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Brook"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Barry","W."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Brook"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Toby"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Gardner"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Toby","A."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Gardner"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Jos"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Barlow"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Jos"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Barlow"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Carlos","A."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Peres"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Carlos","A."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Peres"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Corey","J.","A."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Bradshaw"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Corey","J.","A."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Bradshaw"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["William","F."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Laurance"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["William","F."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Laurance"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Thomas","Ε."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Lovejoy"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Thomas","E."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Lovejoy"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Thomas","E."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Lovejoy"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Navjot","S."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Sodhi"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Navjot","S."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Sodhi"],"suffixes":[]}],"doi":"10.1038/nature10425","pmid":"21918513","pmcid":"null","mag_id":"1996359250","journal":"Nature","abstract":"Human-driven land-use changes increasingly threaten biodiversity, particularly in tropical forests where both species diversity and human pressures on natural environments are high. The rapid conversion of tropical forests for agriculture, timber production and other uses has generated vast, human-dominated landscapes with potentially dire consequences for tropical biodiversity. Today, few truly undisturbed tropical forests exist, whereas those degraded by repeated logging and fires, as well as secondary and plantation forests, are rapidly expanding. Here we provide a global assessment of the impact of disturbance and land conversion on biodiversity in tropical forests using a meta-analysis of 138 studies. We analysed 2,220 pairwise comparisons of biodiversity values in primary forests (with little or no human disturbance) and disturbed forests. We found that biodiversity values were substantially lower in degraded forests, but that this varied considerably by geographic region, taxonomic group, ecological metric and disturbance type. Even after partly accounting for confounding colonization and succession effects due to the composition of surrounding habitats, isolation and time since disturbance, we find that most forms of forest degradation have an overwhelmingly detrimental effect on tropical biodiversity. Our results clearly indicate that when it comes to maintaining tropical biodiversity, there is no substitute for primary forests.","bibtex":"@ARTICLE{Gibson_2011,title={Primary forests are irreplaceable for sustaining tropical biodiversity},year={2011},author={Luke Gibson and Luke Gibson and Tien Ming Lee and Tien Ming Lee and Lian Pin Koh and Lian Pin Koh and Barry W. Brook and Barry W. Brook and Toby Gardner and Toby A. Gardner and Jos Barlow and Jos Barlow and Carlos A. Peres and Carlos A. Peres and Corey J. A. Bradshaw and Corey J. A. Bradshaw and William F. Laurance and William F. Laurance and Thomas Ε. Lovejoy and Thomas E. Lovejoy and Thomas E. Lovejoy and Navjot S. Sodhi and Navjot S. Sodhi},doi={10.1038/nature10425},pmid={21918513},pmcid={null},mag_id={1996359250},journal={Nature},abstract={Human-driven land-use changes increasingly threaten biodiversity, particularly in tropical forests where both species diversity and human pressures on natural environments are high. The rapid conversion of tropical forests for agriculture, timber production and other uses has generated vast, human-dominated landscapes with potentially dire consequences for tropical biodiversity. Today, few truly undisturbed tropical forests exist, whereas those degraded by repeated logging and fires, as well as secondary and plantation forests, are rapidly expanding. Here we provide a global assessment of the impact of disturbance and land conversion on biodiversity in tropical forests using a meta-analysis of 138 studies. We analysed 2,220 pairwise comparisons of biodiversity values in primary forests (with little or no human disturbance) and disturbed forests. We found that biodiversity values were substantially lower in degraded forests, but that this varied considerably by geographic region, taxonomic group, ecological metric and disturbance type. Even after partly accounting for confounding colonization and succession effects due to the composition of surrounding habitats, isolation and time since disturbance, we find that most forms of forest degradation have an overwhelmingly detrimental effect on tropical biodiversity. Our results clearly indicate that when it comes to maintaining tropical biodiversity, there is no substitute for primary forests.}}\n","author_short":["Gibson, L.","Gibson, L.","Lee, T. M.","Lee, T. M.","Koh, L. P.","Koh, L. P.","Brook, B. W.","Brook, B. W.","Gardner, T.","Gardner, T. A.","Barlow, J.","Barlow, J.","Peres, C. A.","Peres, C. A.","Bradshaw, C. J. A.","Bradshaw, C. J. A.","Laurance, W. F.","Laurance, W. F.","Lovejoy, T. Ε.","Lovejoy, T. E.","Lovejoy, T. E.","Sodhi, N. S.","Sodhi, N. S."],"key":"Gibson_2011","id":"Gibson_2011","bibbaseid":"gibson-gibson-lee-lee-koh-koh-brook-brook-etal-primaryforestsareirreplaceableforsustainingtropicalbiodiversity-2011","role":"author","urls":{},"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}},"downloads":0,"html":""},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://github.com/vmahan1998/Automate_Reference_Retrival/raw/refs/heads/main/ResearchRabbit_Export_4_7_2025.bib","dataSources":["cC7MHaSxGiAjnmjzL"],"keywords":[],"search_terms":["primary","forests","irreplaceable","sustaining","tropical","biodiversity","gibson","gibson","lee","lee","koh","koh","brook","brook","gardner","gardner","barlow","barlow","peres","peres","bradshaw","bradshaw","laurance","laurance","lovejoy","lovejoy","lovejoy","sodhi","sodhi"],"title":"Primary forests are irreplaceable for sustaining tropical biodiversity","year":2011}