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 notes = {Cited By (since 1996):22<br/><br/><br/>Export Date: 15 July 2013<br/><br/><br/>Source: Scopus<br/><br/><br/>Art. No.: e4048<br/><br/><br/>:doi 10.1371/journal.pone.0004048<br/><br/><br/>PubMed ID: 19112502<br/><br/><br/>Language of Original Document: English<br/><br/><br/>Correspondence Address: Gingras, Y.; Observatoire des Sciences et desTechnologies (OST), Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche sur la Science et la Technologie (CIRST), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; email: gingras.yves@uqam.ca<br/><br/><br/>References: Holden, C., The incredible aging investigator (2008) Science, 31, p. 391; <br/>Numbers are, , http://grants.nih.gov/grants/new_investigators/resources.htm, available at: Accessed on March 3, 2008; <br/>Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (2007) Trends in Higher Education-2: Faculty. Ottawa: Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. 49 pLehman, H.C., (1953) Age and Achievement, , Princeton: Princeton University Press. 359 p; <br/>Feist, G.J., (2006) The psychology of science and the origins of the scientific mind, , For a good review of the topic, see, New Haven: Yale University Press. 316 p; <br/>Adams, C.W., The age at which scientists do their best work (1946) Isis, 36, pp. 166-169; <br/>Zuckerman, H., Merton, R.K., Age, aging and age structure in science (1973) The Sociology of Science, pp. 493-560. , Merton RK, ed, Chicago: Chicago University Press. pp; <br/>Zuckerman, H., (1977) Scientific elite: Nobel laureates in the United States, , New York: The Free Press. 335 p; <br/>Dietrich, A., Srinivasan, N., The optimal age to start a revolution (2007) J Creative Behav, 41, pp. 339-351; <br/>Shinn, T., Hiérarchie des chercheurs et formes de recherches. (1988) Act Rech Sci Soc, 74, pp. 2-22; <br/>Simonton, D.K., (1994) Greatness: Who makes history and why, , New York: Guilford Press. 502 p; <br/>Stern, S., Age and achievement in mathematics: A Case-Study in the Sociology of Science (1978) Soc Stud Sci, 8, pp. 127-140; <br/>Gieryn, T.F., The aging of a science and its exploitation of innovation: Lessons from X-ray and radio astronomy (1981) Scientometrics, 3, pp. 325-334; <br/>Over, R., Does scholarly impact decline with age? (1988) Scientometrics, 13, pp. 215-223; <br/>Horner, K.L., Rushton, J.P., Vernon, P.A., Relation between aging and research productivity of academic psychologists (1986) Psychology and Aging, 1, pp. 319-324; <br/>Cole, S., Age and Scientific Performance (1979) Am J Soc, 84, pp. 958-977; <br/>Dennis, W., Age and productivity among scientists (1956) Science, 123, pp. 724-725; <br/>Wray, K.B., Is science really a young man's game? (2003) Soc Stud Sci, 33, pp. 137-149; <br/>Wray, K.B., An examination of the contributions of young scientists in new fields (2004) Scientometrics, 61, pp. 117-128; <br/>Kyvik, S., Olsen, T.B., Does the aging of tenured academic staff affect the research performance of universities? (2008) Scientometrics, 76, pp. 439-455; <br/>Allison, P.D., Steward, J.A., Productivity differences among scientists: Evidence for accumulative advantage (1974) Am Soc Rev, 39, pp. 596-606; <br/>Simonton, D.K., Creative productivity and age: A mathematical model based on a two-step cognitive process (1984) Developmental Rev, 4, pp. 77-111; <br/>Simonton, D.K., A predictive and explanatory model of career trajectories and landmarks (1997) Psycho Rev, 104, pp. 251-267; <br/>Kuhn, T.S., (1962) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 171 p; <br/>Merton, R.K., (1973) The sociology of science: Theoretical and empirical investivations, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 605 p; <br/>Merton, R.K., (1968) Social theory and social structure, , New York: The Free Press. 702 p; <br/>Bourdieu, P., The specificity of the scientific field and the social conditions of the progress of reason (1975) Social Science Information, 14, pp. 19-47; <br/>Le système universitaire québécois: Données et indicateurs (2006) Québec: Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec, , CREPUQ , 120 p; <br/>http://scientific.thomsonreuters.com/products/scie, See:, http://scientific.thomsonreuters.com/products/ssci;http://scientific.thomsonreuters.com/products/ahciGarfield, E., How ISI selects journals for coverage: Quantitative and qualitative consideration (1990) Essays of an Information Scientist, 13, pp. 185-193; <br/>Larivière, V., Archambault, E., Gingras, Y., Vignola-Gagné, E., The place of serials in referencing practices: Comparing natural sciences and engineering with social sciences and humanities (2006) JASIST, 57, pp. 997-1004. , For an analysis of the difference of coverage between sciences and social science see; <br/>Archambault, E., Vignola-Gagné, E., Côté, G., Larivière, V., Gingras, Y., Benchmarking scientific output in the social sciences and humanities: The limits of existing databases (2006) Scientometrics, 68, pp. 329-342; <br/>Moed, H.F., Differences in the construction of SCI based bibliometric indicators among various producers: A first overview (1996) Scientometrics, 35, pp. 177-191; <br/>The SCI only indexes surname and initials of authors, which creates a high number of potential namesakesPrice, D.J.D., (1970) Citation measures of hard science, soft science, technology, and nonscience, pp. 155-179. , Nelson CE, Pollack DK, eds. Communication among scientists and engineers. New York: Columbia University Press. pp; <br/>This might the fact that the age of cited literature has been increasing steadily since the seventies. See: Larivière V, Archambault E, Gingras Y (2008) Long-term variations in the aging of scientific literature: From exponential growth to steady-state science 1900-2004, JASIST 59: 288-296Barnett, G.A., Fink, E.L., Impact of the internet and scholar age distribution on academic citation age (2008) JASIST, 59, pp. 526-534; <br/>It is a well know fact that, in the calculation of their impact factors, Thomson Scientific counts citations received by all document types published (articles reviews, editorials, news items, etc.) but then only divides these citations by the number of articles and reviews published, which are considered as citable items. This has the effect of artificially increasing the impact factor of journals with a higher ratio of non-citable items. For a historical review of impact factors' limits see: Archambault E, Larivière V (2009) History of the journal impact factor: Contingencies and consequences. Scientometrics. 79. In pressMoed, H.F., De Bruin, R.E., van Leeuwen, T.N., New bibliometric tools for the assessment of national research performance: Database description, overview of indicators and first applications (1995) Scientometrics, 33, pp. 381-422; <br/>Schubert, A., Braun, T., Relative indicators and relational charts for comparative assessment of publication output and citation impact (1986) Scientometrics, 9, pp. 281-291; <br/>Sigogneau A (2000) An analysis of document types published in journals related to physics: Proceeding papers recorded in the Science Citation Index database. Scientometrics 47(3): 589-604Biagioli, M., Galison, P., (2003) Scientific authorship: Credit and intellectual property in science, , New York: Routledge. 396 p; <br/>Birnholtz, J., What does it mean to be an author? The intersection of credit, contribution and collaboration in science (2006) JASIST, 57, pp. 1758-1770; <br/>Pontille, D., (2004) La signature scientifique: Une sociologie pragmatique de l'attribution, , Paris: CNRS Éditions. 200 p; <br/>Merton, R.K., The Matthew effect in science (1968) Science, 159, pp. 56-63; <br/>Liang, L., Guo, Y., Davis, M., Collaborative patterns and age structures in Chinese publications (2001) Scientometrics, 54, pp. 473-489; <br/>Kaiser, J., The graying of NIH research (2008) Science, 322, pp. 848-849},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The average age at which U.S. researchers receive their first grant from NIH has increased from 34.3 in 1970, to 41.7 in 2004. These data raise the crucial question of the effects of aging on the scientific productivity and impact of researchers. Drawing on a sizeable sample of 6,388 university professors in Quebec who have published at least one paper between 2000 and 2007, our results identify two turning points in the professors' careers. A first turning point is visible at age 40 years, where researchers start to rely on older literature and where their productivity increases at a slower pace - after having increased sharply since the beginning of their career. A second turning point can be seen around age 50, when researchers are the most productive whereas their average scientific impact is at its lowest. Our results also show that older professors publish fewer first-authored papers and move closer to the end of the list of co-authors. Although average scientific impact per paper decreases linearly until about age 50, the average number of papers in highly cited journals and among highly cited papers rises continuously until retirement. Our results show clearly that productivity and impact are not a simple and declining function of age and that we must take into account the collaborative aspects of scientific research. Science is a collective endeavor and, as our data shows, researchers of all ages play a significant role in its dynamic. © 2008 Gingras et al.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Gingras, Y and Larivière, V and Macaluso, B and Robitaille, J.-P.},
 journal = {PLoS ONE},
 number = {12}
}

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No.: e4048<br/><br/><br/>:doi 10.1371/journal.pone.0004048<br/><br/><br/>PubMed ID: 19112502<br/><br/><br/>Language of Original Document: English<br/><br/><br/>Correspondence Address: Gingras, Y.; Observatoire des Sciences et desTechnologies (OST), Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche sur la Science et la Technologie (CIRST), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; email: gingras.yves@uqam.ca<br/><br/><br/>References: Holden, C., The incredible aging investigator (2008) Science, 31, p. 391; <br/>Numbers are, , http://grants.nih.gov/grants/new_investigators/resources.htm, available at: Accessed on March 3, 2008; <br/>Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (2007) Trends in Higher Education-2: Faculty. Ottawa: Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. 49 pLehman, H.C., (1953) Age and Achievement, , Princeton: Princeton University Press. 359 p; <br/>Feist, G.J., (2006) The psychology of science and the origins of the scientific mind, , For a good review of the topic, see, New Haven: Yale University Press. 316 p; <br/>Adams, C.W., The age at which scientists do their best work (1946) Isis, 36, pp. 166-169; <br/>Zuckerman, H., Merton, R.K., Age, aging and age structure in science (1973) The Sociology of Science, pp. 493-560. , Merton RK, ed, Chicago: Chicago University Press. pp; <br/>Zuckerman, H., (1977) Scientific elite: Nobel laureates in the United States, , New York: The Free Press. 335 p; <br/>Dietrich, A., Srinivasan, N., The optimal age to start a revolution (2007) J Creative Behav, 41, pp. 339-351; <br/>Shinn, T., Hiérarchie des chercheurs et formes de recherches. (1988) Act Rech Sci Soc, 74, pp. 2-22; <br/>Simonton, D.K., (1994) Greatness: Who makes history and why, , New York: Guilford Press. 502 p; <br/>Stern, S., Age and achievement in mathematics: A Case-Study in the Sociology of Science (1978) Soc Stud Sci, 8, pp. 127-140; <br/>Gieryn, T.F., The aging of a science and its exploitation of innovation: Lessons from X-ray and radio astronomy (1981) Scientometrics, 3, pp. 325-334; <br/>Over, R., Does scholarly impact decline with age? (1988) Scientometrics, 13, pp. 215-223; <br/>Horner, K.L., Rushton, J.P., Vernon, P.A., Relation between aging and research productivity of academic psychologists (1986) Psychology and Aging, 1, pp. 319-324; <br/>Cole, S., Age and Scientific Performance (1979) Am J Soc, 84, pp. 958-977; <br/>Dennis, W., Age and productivity among scientists (1956) Science, 123, pp. 724-725; <br/>Wray, K.B., Is science really a young man's game? (2003) Soc Stud Sci, 33, pp. 137-149; <br/>Wray, K.B., An examination of the contributions of young scientists in new fields (2004) Scientometrics, 61, pp. 117-128; <br/>Kyvik, S., Olsen, T.B., Does the aging of tenured academic staff affect the research performance of universities? (2008) Scientometrics, 76, pp. 439-455; <br/>Allison, P.D., Steward, J.A., Productivity differences among scientists: Evidence for accumulative advantage (1974) Am Soc Rev, 39, pp. 596-606; <br/>Simonton, D.K., Creative productivity and age: A mathematical model based on a two-step cognitive process (1984) Developmental Rev, 4, pp. 77-111; <br/>Simonton, D.K., A predictive and explanatory model of career trajectories and landmarks (1997) Psycho Rev, 104, pp. 251-267; <br/>Kuhn, T.S., (1962) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 171 p; <br/>Merton, R.K., (1973) The sociology of science: Theoretical and empirical investivations, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 605 p; <br/>Merton, R.K., (1968) Social theory and social structure, , New York: The Free Press. 702 p; <br/>Bourdieu, P., The specificity of the scientific field and the social conditions of the progress of reason (1975) Social Science Information, 14, pp. 19-47; <br/>Le système universitaire québécois: Données et indicateurs (2006) Québec: Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec, , CREPUQ , 120 p; <br/>http://scientific.thomsonreuters.com/products/scie, See:, http://scientific.thomsonreuters.com/products/ssci;http://scientific.thomsonreuters.com/products/ahciGarfield, E., How ISI selects journals for coverage: Quantitative and qualitative consideration (1990) Essays of an Information Scientist, 13, pp. 185-193; <br/>Larivière, V., Archambault, E., Gingras, Y., Vignola-Gagné, E., The place of serials in referencing practices: Comparing natural sciences and engineering with social sciences and humanities (2006) JASIST, 57, pp. 997-1004. , For an analysis of the difference of coverage between sciences and social science see; <br/>Archambault, E., Vignola-Gagné, E., Côté, G., Larivière, V., Gingras, Y., Benchmarking scientific output in the social sciences and humanities: The limits of existing databases (2006) Scientometrics, 68, pp. 329-342; <br/>Moed, H.F., Differences in the construction of SCI based bibliometric indicators among various producers: A first overview (1996) Scientometrics, 35, pp. 177-191; <br/>The SCI only indexes surname and initials of authors, which creates a high number of potential namesakesPrice, D.J.D., (1970) Citation measures of hard science, soft science, technology, and nonscience, pp. 155-179. , Nelson CE, Pollack DK, eds. Communication among scientists and engineers. New York: Columbia University Press. pp; <br/>This might the fact that the age of cited literature has been increasing steadily since the seventies. See: Larivière V, Archambault E, Gingras Y (2008) Long-term variations in the aging of scientific literature: From exponential growth to steady-state science 1900-2004, JASIST 59: 288-296Barnett, G.A., Fink, E.L., Impact of the internet and scholar age distribution on academic citation age (2008) JASIST, 59, pp. 526-534; <br/>It is a well know fact that, in the calculation of their impact factors, Thomson Scientific counts citations received by all document types published (articles reviews, editorials, news items, etc.) but then only divides these citations by the number of articles and reviews published, which are considered as citable items. This has the effect of artificially increasing the impact factor of journals with a higher ratio of non-citable items. For a historical review of impact factors' limits see: Archambault E, Larivière V (2009) History of the journal impact factor: Contingencies and consequences. Scientometrics. 79. In pressMoed, H.F., De Bruin, R.E., van Leeuwen, T.N., New bibliometric tools for the assessment of national research performance: Database description, overview of indicators and first applications (1995) Scientometrics, 33, pp. 381-422; <br/>Schubert, A., Braun, T., Relative indicators and relational charts for comparative assessment of publication output and citation impact (1986) Scientometrics, 9, pp. 281-291; <br/>Sigogneau A (2000) An analysis of document types published in journals related to physics: Proceeding papers recorded in the Science Citation Index database. Scientometrics 47(3): 589-604Biagioli, M., Galison, P., (2003) Scientific authorship: Credit and intellectual property in science, , New York: Routledge. 396 p; <br/>Birnholtz, J., What does it mean to be an author? The intersection of credit, contribution and collaboration in science (2006) JASIST, 57, pp. 1758-1770; <br/>Pontille, D., (2004) La signature scientifique: Une sociologie pragmatique de l'attribution, , Paris: CNRS Éditions. 200 p; <br/>Merton, R.K., The Matthew effect in science (1968) Science, 159, pp. 56-63; <br/>Liang, L., Guo, Y., Davis, M., Collaborative patterns and age structures in Chinese publications (2001) Scientometrics, 54, pp. 473-489; <br/>Kaiser, J., The graying of NIH research (2008) Science, 322, pp. 848-849","private_publication":false,"abstract":"The average age at which U.S. researchers receive their first grant from NIH has increased from 34.3 in 1970, to 41.7 in 2004. These data raise the crucial question of the effects of aging on the scientific productivity and impact of researchers. Drawing on a sizeable sample of 6,388 university professors in Quebec who have published at least one paper between 2000 and 2007, our results identify two turning points in the professors' careers. A first turning point is visible at age 40 years, where researchers start to rely on older literature and where their productivity increases at a slower pace - after having increased sharply since the beginning of their career. A second turning point can be seen around age 50, when researchers are the most productive whereas their average scientific impact is at its lowest. Our results also show that older professors publish fewer first-authored papers and move closer to the end of the list of co-authors. Although average scientific impact per paper decreases linearly until about age 50, the average number of papers in highly cited journals and among highly cited papers rises continuously until retirement. Our results show clearly that productivity and impact are not a simple and declining function of age and that we must take into account the collaborative aspects of scientific research. Science is a collective endeavor and, as our data shows, researchers of all ages play a significant role in its dynamic. © 2008 Gingras et al.","bibtype":"article","author":"Gingras, Y and Larivière, V and Macaluso, B and Robitaille, J.-P.","journal":"PLoS ONE","number":"12","bibtex":"@article{\n title = {The effects of aging on researchers' publication and citation patterns},\n type = {article},\n year = {2008},\n identifiers = {[object Object]},\n keywords = {Authorship,Biomedical Research,Canada,Humans,National Institutes of Health (U.S.),Periodicals as Topic,Publications,Quebec,Research Personnel,United States,Universities,adult,age distribution,aged,aging,article,awards and prizes,career mobility,citation analysis,controlled study,human,job performance,medical research,middle aged,national health organization,personnel,productivity,publication,publishing,retirement,scientific literature,task performance,university,writing},\n volume = {3},\n websites = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-58149177148&partnerID=40&md5=ccd9ed40bda091b5b68abbe7fbcd7b9e},\n city = {Observatoire des Sciences et des Technologies (OST), Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche sur la Science et la Technologie (CIRST), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada},\n id = {7f2ad728-1627-38a2-9125-4c643ea075b4},\n created = {2013-07-15T08:46:13.000Z},\n file_attached = {true},\n profile_id = {6b9e542c-4cf1-39ce-884a-25bca7f8496c},\n group_id = {60cd19b5-2fd5-3898-a22e-e5732aded4d6},\n last_modified = {2017-03-14T12:00:36.003Z},\n read = {true},\n starred = {true},\n authored = {false},\n confirmed = {true},\n hidden = {false},\n citation_key = {Gingras2008},\n source_type = {JOUR},\n notes = {Cited By (since 1996):22<br/><br/><br/>Export Date: 15 July 2013<br/><br/><br/>Source: Scopus<br/><br/><br/>Art. No.: e4048<br/><br/><br/>:doi 10.1371/journal.pone.0004048<br/><br/><br/>PubMed ID: 19112502<br/><br/><br/>Language of Original Document: English<br/><br/><br/>Correspondence Address: Gingras, Y.; Observatoire des Sciences et desTechnologies (OST), Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche sur la Science et la Technologie (CIRST), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; email: gingras.yves@uqam.ca<br/><br/><br/>References: Holden, C., The incredible aging investigator (2008) Science, 31, p. 391; <br/>Numbers are, , http://grants.nih.gov/grants/new_investigators/resources.htm, available at: Accessed on March 3, 2008; <br/>Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (2007) Trends in Higher Education-2: Faculty. Ottawa: Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. 49 pLehman, H.C., (1953) Age and Achievement, , Princeton: Princeton University Press. 359 p; <br/>Feist, G.J., (2006) The psychology of science and the origins of the scientific mind, , For a good review of the topic, see, New Haven: Yale University Press. 316 p; <br/>Adams, C.W., The age at which scientists do their best work (1946) Isis, 36, pp. 166-169; <br/>Zuckerman, H., Merton, R.K., Age, aging and age structure in science (1973) The Sociology of Science, pp. 493-560. , Merton RK, ed, Chicago: Chicago University Press. pp; <br/>Zuckerman, H., (1977) Scientific elite: Nobel laureates in the United States, , New York: The Free Press. 335 p; <br/>Dietrich, A., Srinivasan, N., The optimal age to start a revolution (2007) J Creative Behav, 41, pp. 339-351; <br/>Shinn, T., Hiérarchie des chercheurs et formes de recherches. (1988) Act Rech Sci Soc, 74, pp. 2-22; <br/>Simonton, D.K., (1994) Greatness: Who makes history and why, , New York: Guilford Press. 502 p; <br/>Stern, S., Age and achievement in mathematics: A Case-Study in the Sociology of Science (1978) Soc Stud Sci, 8, pp. 127-140; <br/>Gieryn, T.F., The aging of a science and its exploitation of innovation: Lessons from X-ray and radio astronomy (1981) Scientometrics, 3, pp. 325-334; <br/>Over, R., Does scholarly impact decline with age? (1988) Scientometrics, 13, pp. 215-223; <br/>Horner, K.L., Rushton, J.P., Vernon, P.A., Relation between aging and research productivity of academic psychologists (1986) Psychology and Aging, 1, pp. 319-324; <br/>Cole, S., Age and Scientific Performance (1979) Am J Soc, 84, pp. 958-977; <br/>Dennis, W., Age and productivity among scientists (1956) Science, 123, pp. 724-725; <br/>Wray, K.B., Is science really a young man's game? (2003) Soc Stud Sci, 33, pp. 137-149; <br/>Wray, K.B., An examination of the contributions of young scientists in new fields (2004) Scientometrics, 61, pp. 117-128; <br/>Kyvik, S., Olsen, T.B., Does the aging of tenured academic staff affect the research performance of universities? 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Drawing on a sizeable sample of 6,388 university professors in Quebec who have published at least one paper between 2000 and 2007, our results identify two turning points in the professors' careers. A first turning point is visible at age 40 years, where researchers start to rely on older literature and where their productivity increases at a slower pace - after having increased sharply since the beginning of their career. A second turning point can be seen around age 50, when researchers are the most productive whereas their average scientific impact is at its lowest. Our results also show that older professors publish fewer first-authored papers and move closer to the end of the list of co-authors. Although average scientific impact per paper decreases linearly until about age 50, the average number of papers in highly cited journals and among highly cited papers rises continuously until retirement. Our results show clearly that productivity and impact are not a simple and declining function of age and that we must take into account the collaborative aspects of scientific research. Science is a collective endeavor and, as our data shows, researchers of all ages play a significant role in its dynamic. © 2008 Gingras et al.},\n bibtype = {article},\n author = {Gingras, Y and Larivière, V and Macaluso, B and Robitaille, J.-P.},\n journal = {PLoS ONE},\n number = {12}\n}","author_short":["Gingras, Y.","Larivière, V.","Macaluso, B.","Robitaille, J."],"urls":{"Paper":"http://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/ec7fd1c4-ca0c-3654-a71e-e2e2be0dbefb/file/04a28835-ed2d-39c3-3e98-0ea12db7c4e0/2008-The_effects_of_aging_on_researchers_publication_and_citation_patterns.pdf.pdf","Website":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-58149177148&partnerID=40&md5=ccd9ed40bda091b5b68abbe7fbcd7b9e"},"bibbaseid":"gingras-larivire-macaluso-robitaille-theeffectsofagingonresearcherspublicationandcitationpatterns-2008","role":"author","keyword":["Authorship","Biomedical Research","Canada","Humans","National Institutes of Health (U.S.)","Periodicals as Topic","Publications","Quebec","Research Personnel","United States","Universities","adult","age distribution","aged","aging","article","awards and prizes","career mobility","citation analysis","controlled study","human","job performance","medical research","middle aged","national health organization","personnel","productivity","publication","publishing","retirement","scientific literature","task performance","university","writing"],"downloads":0},"search_terms":["effects","aging","researchers","publication","citation","patterns","gingras","larivière","macaluso","robitaille"],"keywords":["aging","careers","creativity","quebec","science policy","scientists","social research","universities","authorship","biomedical research","canada","humans","national institutes of health (u.s.)","periodicals as topic","publications","research personnel","united states","adult","age distribution","aged","article","awards and prizes","career mobility","citation analysis","controlled study","human","job performance","medical research","middle aged","national health organization","personnel","productivity","publication","publishing","retirement","scientific literature","task performance","university","writing"],"authorIDs":[]}