MOLISENS: MObile LIdar SENsor System to exploit the potential of small industrial lidar devices for geoscientific applications. Goelles, T., Hammer, T., Muckenhuber, S., Schlager, B., Abermann, J., Bauer, C., Expósito Jiménez, V. J., Schöner, W., Schratter, M., Schrei, B., & Senger, K. Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems, 11(2):247–261, August, 2022. Publisher: Copernicus GmbH![MOLISENS: MObile LIdar SENsor System to exploit the potential of small industrial lidar devices for geoscientific applications [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex \textlessp\textgreater\textlessstrong class="journal-contentHeaderColor"\textgreaterAbstract.\textless/strong\textgreater We propose a newly developed modular MObile LIdar SENsor System (MOLISENS) to enable new applications for small industrial lidar (light detection and ranging) sensors. The stand-alone modular setup supports both monitoring of dynamic processes and mobile mapping applications based on SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) algorithms. The main objective of MOLISENS is to exploit newly emerging perception sensor technologies developed for the automotive industry for geoscientific applications. However, MOLISENS can also be used for other application areas, such as 3D mapping of buildings or vehicle-independent data collection for sensor performance assessment and sensor modeling. Compared to TLSs, small industrial lidar sensors provide advantages in terms of size (on the order of 10 \textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreatercm\textless/span\textgreater), weight (on the order of 1 \textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater \textless/span\textgreaterkg or less), price (typically between EUR 5000 and 10 000), robustness (typical protection class of IP68), frame rates (typically 10–20 \textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreaterHz\textless/span\textgreater), and eye safety class (typically 1). For these reasons, small industrial lidar systems can provide a very useful complement to currently used TLS (terrestrial laser scanner) systems that have their strengths in range and accuracy performance. The MOLISENS hardware setup consists of a sensor unit, a data logger, and a battery pack to support stand-alone and mobile applications. The sensor unit includes the small industrial lidar Ouster OS1-64 Gen1, a ublox multi-band active GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) with the possibility for RTK (real-time kinematic), and a nine-axis Xsens IMU (inertial measurement unit). Special emphasis was put on the robustness of the individual components of MOLISENS to support operations in rough field and adverse weather conditions. The sensor unit has a standard tripod thread for easy mounting on various platforms. The current setup of MOLISENS has a horizontal field of view of 360\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$^{\textrm{∘}}$\textless/span\textgreater, a vertical field of view with a 45\textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreater$^{\textrm{∘}}$\textless/span\textgreater opening angle, a range of 120 m, a spatial resolution of a few centimeters, and a temporal resolution of 10–20 \textlessspan class="inline-formula"\textgreaterHz\textless/span\textgreater. To evaluate the performance of MOLISENS, we present a comparison between the integrated small industrial lidar Ouster OS1-64 and the state-of-the-art high-accuracy and high-precision TLS Riegl VZ-6000 in a set of controlled experimental setups. We then apply the small industrial lidar Ouster OS1-64 in several real-world settings. The mobile mapping application of MOLISENS has been tested under various conditions, and results are shown from two surveys in the Lurgrotte cave system in Austria and a glacier cave in Longyearbreen on Svalbard.\textless/p\textgreater
@article{goelles_molisens_2022,
title = {{MOLISENS}: {MObile} {LIdar} {SENsor} {System} to exploit the potential of small industrial lidar devices for geoscientific applications},
volume = {11},
issn = {2193-0856},
shorttitle = {{MOLISENS}},
url = {https://gi.copernicus.org/articles/11/247/2022/},
doi = {10.5194/gi-11-247-2022},
abstract = {{\textless}p{\textgreater}{\textless}strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor"{\textgreater}Abstract.{\textless}/strong{\textgreater} We propose a newly developed modular MObile LIdar SENsor System (MOLISENS) to enable new applications for small industrial lidar (light detection and ranging) sensors. The stand-alone modular setup supports both monitoring of dynamic processes and mobile mapping applications based on SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) algorithms. The main objective of MOLISENS is to exploit newly emerging perception sensor technologies developed for the automotive industry for geoscientific applications. However, MOLISENS can also be used for other application areas, such as 3D mapping of buildings or vehicle-independent data collection for sensor performance assessment and sensor modeling. Compared to TLSs, small industrial lidar sensors provide advantages in terms of size (on the order of 10 {\textless}span class="inline-formula"{\textgreater}cm{\textless}/span{\textgreater}), weight (on the order of 1 {\textless}span class="inline-formula"{\textgreater} {\textless}/span{\textgreater}kg or less), price (typically between EUR 5000 and 10 000), robustness (typical protection class of IP68), frame rates (typically 10–20 {\textless}span class="inline-formula"{\textgreater}Hz{\textless}/span{\textgreater}), and eye safety class (typically 1). For these reasons, small industrial lidar systems can provide a very useful complement to currently used TLS (terrestrial laser scanner) systems that have their strengths in range and accuracy performance. The MOLISENS hardware setup consists of a sensor unit, a data logger, and a battery pack to support stand-alone and mobile applications. The sensor unit includes the small industrial lidar Ouster OS1-64 Gen1, a ublox multi-band active GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) with the possibility for RTK (real-time kinematic), and a nine-axis Xsens IMU (inertial measurement unit). Special emphasis was put on the robustness of the individual components of MOLISENS to support operations in rough field and adverse weather conditions. The sensor unit has a standard tripod thread for easy mounting on various platforms. The current setup of MOLISENS has a horizontal field of view of 360{\textless}span class="inline-formula"{\textgreater}$^{\textrm{∘}}${\textless}/span{\textgreater}, a vertical field of view with a 45{\textless}span class="inline-formula"{\textgreater}$^{\textrm{∘}}${\textless}/span{\textgreater} opening angle, a range of 120 m, a spatial resolution of a few centimeters, and a temporal resolution of 10–20 {\textless}span class="inline-formula"{\textgreater}Hz{\textless}/span{\textgreater}. To evaluate the performance of MOLISENS, we present a comparison between the integrated small industrial lidar Ouster OS1-64 and the state-of-the-art high-accuracy and high-precision TLS Riegl VZ-6000 in a set of controlled experimental setups. We then apply the small industrial lidar Ouster OS1-64 in several real-world settings. The mobile mapping application of MOLISENS has been tested under various conditions, and results are shown from two surveys in the Lurgrotte cave system in Austria and a glacier cave in Longyearbreen on Svalbard.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}},
language = {English},
number = {2},
urldate = {2022-09-26},
journal = {Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems},
author = {Goelles, Thomas and Hammer, Tobias and Muckenhuber, Stefan and Schlager, Birgit and Abermann, Jakob and Bauer, Christian and Expósito Jiménez, Víctor J. and Schöner, Wolfgang and Schratter, Markus and Schrei, Benjamin and Senger, Kim},
month = aug,
year = {2022},
note = {Publisher: Copernicus GmbH},
pages = {247--261},
}
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J.","Schöner, W.","Schratter, M.","Schrei, B.","Senger, K."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"MOLISENS: MObile LIdar SENsor System to exploit the potential of small industrial lidar devices for geoscientific applications","volume":"11","issn":"2193-0856","shorttitle":"MOLISENS","url":"https://gi.copernicus.org/articles/11/247/2022/","doi":"10.5194/gi-11-247-2022","abstract":"\\textlessp\\textgreater\\textlessstrong class=\"journal-contentHeaderColor\"\\textgreaterAbstract.\\textless/strong\\textgreater We propose a newly developed modular MObile LIdar SENsor System (MOLISENS) to enable new applications for small industrial lidar (light detection and ranging) sensors. The stand-alone modular setup supports both monitoring of dynamic processes and mobile mapping applications based on SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) algorithms. The main objective of MOLISENS is to exploit newly emerging perception sensor technologies developed for the automotive industry for geoscientific applications. However, MOLISENS can also be used for other application areas, such as 3D mapping of buildings or vehicle-independent data collection for sensor performance assessment and sensor modeling. Compared to TLSs, small industrial lidar sensors provide advantages in terms of size (on the order of 10 \\textlessspan class=\"inline-formula\"\\textgreatercm\\textless/span\\textgreater), weight (on the order of 1 \\textlessspan class=\"inline-formula\"\\textgreater \\textless/span\\textgreaterkg or less), price (typically between EUR 5000 and 10 000), robustness (typical protection class of IP68), frame rates (typically 10–20 \\textlessspan class=\"inline-formula\"\\textgreaterHz\\textless/span\\textgreater), and eye safety class (typically 1). For these reasons, small industrial lidar systems can provide a very useful complement to currently used TLS (terrestrial laser scanner) systems that have their strengths in range and accuracy performance. The MOLISENS hardware setup consists of a sensor unit, a data logger, and a battery pack to support stand-alone and mobile applications. The sensor unit includes the small industrial lidar Ouster OS1-64 Gen1, a ublox multi-band active GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) with the possibility for RTK (real-time kinematic), and a nine-axis Xsens IMU (inertial measurement unit). Special emphasis was put on the robustness of the individual components of MOLISENS to support operations in rough field and adverse weather conditions. The sensor unit has a standard tripod thread for easy mounting on various platforms. The current setup of MOLISENS has a horizontal field of view of 360\\textlessspan class=\"inline-formula\"\\textgreater$^{\\textrm{∘}}$\\textless/span\\textgreater, a vertical field of view with a 45\\textlessspan class=\"inline-formula\"\\textgreater$^{\\textrm{∘}}$\\textless/span\\textgreater opening angle, a range of 120 m, a spatial resolution of a few centimeters, and a temporal resolution of 10–20 \\textlessspan class=\"inline-formula\"\\textgreaterHz\\textless/span\\textgreater. To evaluate the performance of MOLISENS, we present a comparison between the integrated small industrial lidar Ouster OS1-64 and the state-of-the-art high-accuracy and high-precision TLS Riegl VZ-6000 in a set of controlled experimental setups. We then apply the small industrial lidar Ouster OS1-64 in several real-world settings. 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