Localized synchronous spawning of Mytilus californianus conrad in Barkley Sound, British Columbia, Canada. Gosselin, L. A. Journal of Shellfish Research, 23(2):529–533, August, 2004.
Localized synchronous spawning of Mytilus californianus conrad in Barkley Sound, British Columbia, Canada [pdf]Paper  abstract   bibtex   
Although Mytilus californianus is a dominant intertidal species along most exposed rocky shores of the northwest coast of North America and has been studied extensively, no direct observations of spawning by this species in the field have been reported. This paper presents the first report of synchronous spawning in the field by the mussel M. californianus. Two synchronous spawning events were observed in Barkley Sound on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. On both occasions several thousand mussels spawned profusely at low tide, leaving masses of gametes on their shells or concentrated in tidepools and surge channels. In the 2002 spawning event 35% of the mussels spawned, for an estimated 54,000 spawning mussels, and fertilization rate in a surge channel was similar to80%. Both spawning events, however, were highly localized, occurring within 24-41 m lengths of shoreline; no mussels spawned along adjacent areas of the shore. The timing of these 2 spawning events showed no consistent relationship with tidal and lunar phases, seawater temperature or cloud cover, and mussels in adjacent parts of the shoreline did not release gametes when exposed to spawned material. Localized synchronous spawning might be common in M. californianus, involving a patchwork of spawning events occurring intermittently over periods of a few months or throughout the year. This could provide the benefits of synchronous spawning as well as the advantages of the continuous production of recruits.

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