Stochastically-modulated stimulation to slow down muscle fatigue at stimulated sites in paraplegics using functional electrical stimulation for leg extension. Graupe, D., Suliga, P., Prudian, C., & Kohn, K. H. Neurol. Res., 22(7):703–704, October, 2000.
abstract   bibtex   
This short communication is a preliminary report on a study concerning slowing down the rate of muscle fatigue when FES (Functional Electrical Stimulation) is applied for standing and walking by complete (traumatic) thoracic-level paraplegics. It is shown that randomly modulating the inter-pulse interval between FES pulses (which serve to trigger action potentials in the peripheral nerves concerned) results in a significantly lower rate of muscle fatigue, as tested in a series of leg extensions, when FES was applied at the quadriceps. Specifically, we report that the best results (longest durations of leg extension prior to onset of muscle-fatigue) were achieved with a +/- 5 msec uniformly-distributed (pseudo-) white-noise modulation at a 42 msec inter-pulse interval (24 pulses per sec). These resulted in an average increase in duration of leg extension of approximately 37% in this pilot study, as compared with unmodulated (fixed-rate) trains of FES pulses. This significant increase, even in a very preliminary study appears to merit careful further examination, since it may allow a possibly significant increase in standing duration and in walking range of paraplegics using FES for ambulation.
@Article{SCC.Graupe.Suliga.ea2000,
  author      = {Graupe, D. and Suliga, P. and Prudian, C. and Kohn, K. H.},
  title       = {Stochastically-modulated stimulation to slow down muscle fatigue at stimulated sites in paraplegics using functional electrical stimulation for leg extension.},
  journal     = {Neurol. Res.},
  year        = {2000},
  volume      = {22},
  number      = {7},
  pages       = {703--704},
  month       = oct,
  abstract    = {This short communication is a preliminary report on a study concerning slowing down the rate of muscle fatigue when FES (Functional Electrical Stimulation) is applied for standing and walking by complete (traumatic) thoracic-level paraplegics. It is shown that randomly modulating the inter-pulse interval between FES pulses (which serve to trigger action potentials in the peripheral nerves concerned) results in a significantly lower rate of muscle fatigue, as tested in a series of leg extensions, when FES was applied at the quadriceps. Specifically, we report that the best results (longest durations of leg extension prior to onset of muscle-fatigue) were achieved with a +/- 5 msec uniformly-distributed (pseudo-) white-noise modulation at a 42 msec inter-pulse interval (24 pulses per sec). These resulted in an average increase in duration of leg extension of approximately 37\% in this pilot study, as compared with unmodulated (fixed-rate) trains of FES pulses. This significant increase, even in a very preliminary study appears to merit careful further examination, since it may allow a possibly significant increase in standing duration and in walking range of paraplegics using FES for ambulation.},
  institution = {University of Illinois, Chicago 60607, USA.},
  language    = {eng},
  medline-pst = {ppublish},
  owner       = {wdixon},
  pmid        = {11091976},
  timestamp   = {2010.09.29},
}

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