Bacteremia in Children 3 to 36 Months Old After Introduction of Conjugated Pneumococcal Vaccines. Greenhow, T. L., Hung, Y., & Herz, A. Pediatrics, March, 2017. doi abstract bibtex BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In June 2010, Kaiser Permanente Northern California replaced all 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) vaccines with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Our objectives were to compare the incidence of bacteremia in children 3 to 36 months old by 3 time periods: pre-PCV7, post-PCV7/pre-PCV13, and post-PCV13. METHODS: We designed a retrospective review of the electronic medical records of all blood cultures collected on children 3 to 36 months old at Kaiser Permanente Northern California from September 1, 1998 to August 31, 2014 in outpatient clinics, in emergency departments, and in the first 24 hours of hospitalization. RESULTS: During the study period, 57 733 blood cultures were collected in the population of children 3 to 36 months old. Implementation of routine immunization with the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine resulted in a 95.3% reduction of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia, decreasing from 74.5 to 10 to 3.5 per 100 000 children per year by the post-PCV13 period. As pneumococcal rates decreased, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, and Staphylococcus aureus caused 77% of bacteremia. Seventy-six percent of all bacteremia in the post-PCV13 period occurred with a source. CONCLUSIONS: In the United States, routine immunizations have made bacteremia in the previously healthy toddler a rare event. As the incidence of pneumococcal bacteremia has decreased, E coli, Salmonella spp, and S aureus have increased in relative importance. New guidelines are needed to approach the previously healthy febrile toddler in the outpatient setting.
@article{greenhow_bacteremia_2017,
title = {Bacteremia in {Children} 3 to 36 {Months} {Old} {After} {Introduction} of {Conjugated} {Pneumococcal} {Vaccines}},
issn = {1098-4275},
doi = {10.1542/peds.2016-2098},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In June 2010, Kaiser Permanente Northern California replaced all 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) vaccines with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Our objectives were to compare the incidence of bacteremia in children 3 to 36 months old by 3 time periods: pre-PCV7, post-PCV7/pre-PCV13, and post-PCV13.
METHODS: We designed a retrospective review of the electronic medical records of all blood cultures collected on children 3 to 36 months old at Kaiser Permanente Northern California from September 1, 1998 to August 31, 2014 in outpatient clinics, in emergency departments, and in the first 24 hours of hospitalization.
RESULTS: During the study period, 57 733 blood cultures were collected in the population of children 3 to 36 months old. Implementation of routine immunization with the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine resulted in a 95.3\% reduction of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia, decreasing from 74.5 to 10 to 3.5 per 100 000 children per year by the post-PCV13 period. As pneumococcal rates decreased, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, and Staphylococcus aureus caused 77\% of bacteremia. Seventy-six percent of all bacteremia in the post-PCV13 period occurred with a source.
CONCLUSIONS: In the United States, routine immunizations have made bacteremia in the previously healthy toddler a rare event. As the incidence of pneumococcal bacteremia has decreased, E coli, Salmonella spp, and S aureus have increased in relative importance. New guidelines are needed to approach the previously healthy febrile toddler in the outpatient setting.},
language = {eng},
journal = {Pediatrics},
author = {Greenhow, Tara L. and Hung, Yun-Yi and Herz, Arnd},
month = mar,
year = {2017},
pmid = {28283611},
}
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METHODS: We designed a retrospective review of the electronic medical records of all blood cultures collected on children 3 to 36 months old at Kaiser Permanente Northern California from September 1, 1998 to August 31, 2014 in outpatient clinics, in emergency departments, and in the first 24 hours of hospitalization. RESULTS: During the study period, 57 733 blood cultures were collected in the population of children 3 to 36 months old. Implementation of routine immunization with the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine resulted in a 95.3% reduction of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia, decreasing from 74.5 to 10 to 3.5 per 100 000 children per year by the post-PCV13 period. As pneumococcal rates decreased, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, and Staphylococcus aureus caused 77% of bacteremia. Seventy-six percent of all bacteremia in the post-PCV13 period occurred with a source. CONCLUSIONS: In the United States, routine immunizations have made bacteremia in the previously healthy toddler a rare event. As the incidence of pneumococcal bacteremia has decreased, E coli, Salmonella spp, and S aureus have increased in relative importance. New guidelines are needed to approach the previously healthy febrile toddler in the outpatient setting.","language":"eng","journal":"Pediatrics","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Greenhow"],"firstnames":["Tara","L."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Hung"],"firstnames":["Yun-Yi"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Herz"],"firstnames":["Arnd"],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"March","year":"2017","pmid":"28283611","bibtex":"@article{greenhow_bacteremia_2017,\n\ttitle = {Bacteremia in {Children} 3 to 36 {Months} {Old} {After} {Introduction} of {Conjugated} {Pneumococcal} {Vaccines}},\n\tissn = {1098-4275},\n\tdoi = {10.1542/peds.2016-2098},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In June 2010, Kaiser Permanente Northern California replaced all 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) vaccines with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Our objectives were to compare the incidence of bacteremia in children 3 to 36 months old by 3 time periods: pre-PCV7, post-PCV7/pre-PCV13, and post-PCV13.\nMETHODS: We designed a retrospective review of the electronic medical records of all blood cultures collected on children 3 to 36 months old at Kaiser Permanente Northern California from September 1, 1998 to August 31, 2014 in outpatient clinics, in emergency departments, and in the first 24 hours of hospitalization.\nRESULTS: During the study period, 57 733 blood cultures were collected in the population of children 3 to 36 months old. Implementation of routine immunization with the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine resulted in a 95.3\\% reduction of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia, decreasing from 74.5 to 10 to 3.5 per 100 000 children per year by the post-PCV13 period. As pneumococcal rates decreased, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, and Staphylococcus aureus caused 77\\% of bacteremia. Seventy-six percent of all bacteremia in the post-PCV13 period occurred with a source.\nCONCLUSIONS: In the United States, routine immunizations have made bacteremia in the previously healthy toddler a rare event. As the incidence of pneumococcal bacteremia has decreased, E coli, Salmonella spp, and S aureus have increased in relative importance. New guidelines are needed to approach the previously healthy febrile toddler in the outpatient setting.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tjournal = {Pediatrics},\n\tauthor = {Greenhow, Tara L. and Hung, Yun-Yi and Herz, Arnd},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpmid = {28283611},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Greenhow, T. L.","Hung, Y.","Herz, A."],"key":"greenhow_bacteremia_2017","id":"greenhow_bacteremia_2017","bibbaseid":"greenhow-hung-herz-bacteremiainchildren3to36monthsoldafterintroductionofconjugatedpneumococcalvaccines-2017","role":"author","urls":{},"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}},"html":""},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://bibbase.org/zotero/robin.marlow","dataSources":["ix72eqAAMGCuupBaz"],"keywords":[],"search_terms":["bacteremia","children","months","old","introduction","conjugated","pneumococcal","vaccines","greenhow","hung","herz"],"title":"Bacteremia in Children 3 to 36 Months Old After Introduction of Conjugated Pneumococcal Vaccines","year":2017}