@Article{Griffiths1994,
  author   = {S. K. Griffiths and W. S. Brown and K. J. Gerhardt and R. M. Abrams and R. J. Morris},
  journal  = {J Acoust Soc Am},
  title    = {The perception of speech sounds recorded within the uterus of a pregnant sheep.},
  year     = {1994},
  number   = {4},
  pages    = {2055-63},
  volume   = {96},
  abstract = {The intelligibility of speech stimuli recorded within the uterus of
	a pregnant sheep was determined perceptually using a group of untrained
	judges. The intrauterine sound environment of the ewe was intended
	to simulate that of a pregnant woman. Two separate lists, one of
	meaningful and one of nonmeaningful speech stimuli, were delivered
	through a loudspeaker to the side of the ewe and were simultaneously
	recorded with an air microphone located 15 cm from the flank and
	with a hydrophone previously sutured to the neck of the fetus. Perceptual
	test tapes generated from these recordings were played to 102 judges.
	The intelligibility of the phonemes recorded in the air was significantly
	greater than the intelligibility of phonemes recorded from the uterus.
	A male talker's voice was more intelligible than a female talker's
	voice when recorded from within the uterus, but not so when recorded
	in the air. An analysis of the feature information transmission from
	recordings inside and outside the uterus revealed that voicing information
	is better transmitted in utero than place or manner information.},
  keywords = {Animal, Animals, Female, Humans, Male, P.H.S., Phonetics, Pregnancy, Research Support, Sex Factors, Sheep, Sound Spectrography, Speech Perception, U.S. Gov't, Uterus, Voice Quality, 7963021},
}

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J."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","author":[{"firstnames":["S.","K."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Griffiths"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["W.","S."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Brown"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["K.","J."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Gerhardt"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["R.","M."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Abrams"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["R.","J."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Morris"],"suffixes":[]}],"journal":"J Acoust Soc Am","title":"The perception of speech sounds recorded within the uterus of a pregnant sheep.","year":"1994","number":"4","pages":"2055-63","volume":"96","abstract":"The intelligibility of speech stimuli recorded within the uterus of a pregnant sheep was determined perceptually using a group of untrained judges. The intrauterine sound environment of the ewe was intended to simulate that of a pregnant woman. Two separate lists, one of meaningful and one of nonmeaningful speech stimuli, were delivered through a loudspeaker to the side of the ewe and were simultaneously recorded with an air microphone located 15 cm from the flank and with a hydrophone previously sutured to the neck of the fetus. Perceptual test tapes generated from these recordings were played to 102 judges. The intelligibility of the phonemes recorded in the air was significantly greater than the intelligibility of phonemes recorded from the uterus. A male talker's voice was more intelligible than a female talker's voice when recorded from within the uterus, but not so when recorded in the air. An analysis of the feature information transmission from recordings inside and outside the uterus revealed that voicing information is better transmitted in utero than place or manner information.","keywords":"Animal, Animals, Female, Humans, Male, P.H.S., Phonetics, Pregnancy, Research Support, Sex Factors, Sheep, Sound Spectrography, Speech Perception, U.S. Gov't, Uterus, Voice Quality, 7963021","bibtex":"@Article{Griffiths1994,\n author = {S. K. Griffiths and W. S. Brown and K. J. Gerhardt and R. M. Abrams and R. J. Morris},\n journal = {J Acoust Soc Am},\n title = {The perception of speech sounds recorded within the uterus of a pregnant sheep.},\n year = {1994},\n number = {4},\n pages = {2055-63},\n volume = {96},\n abstract = {The intelligibility of speech stimuli recorded within the uterus of\n\ta pregnant sheep was determined perceptually using a group of untrained\n\tjudges. The intrauterine sound environment of the ewe was intended\n\tto simulate that of a pregnant woman. Two separate lists, one of\n\tmeaningful and one of nonmeaningful speech stimuli, were delivered\n\tthrough a loudspeaker to the side of the ewe and were simultaneously\n\trecorded with an air microphone located 15 cm from the flank and\n\twith a hydrophone previously sutured to the neck of the fetus. Perceptual\n\ttest tapes generated from these recordings were played to 102 judges.\n\tThe intelligibility of the phonemes recorded in the air was significantly\n\tgreater than the intelligibility of phonemes recorded from the uterus.\n\tA male talker's voice was more intelligible than a female talker's\n\tvoice when recorded from within the uterus, but not so when recorded\n\tin the air. An analysis of the feature information transmission from\n\trecordings inside and outside the uterus revealed that voicing information\n\tis better transmitted in utero than place or manner information.},\n keywords = {Animal, Animals, Female, Humans, Male, P.H.S., Phonetics, Pregnancy, Research Support, Sex Factors, Sheep, Sound Spectrography, Speech Perception, U.S. Gov't, Uterus, Voice Quality, 7963021},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Griffiths, S. K.","Brown, W. S.","Gerhardt, K. J.","Abrams, R. M.","Morris, R. J."],"key":"Griffiths1994","id":"Griffiths1994","bibbaseid":"griffiths-brown-gerhardt-abrams-morris-theperceptionofspeechsoundsrecordedwithintheuterusofapregnantsheep-1994","role":"author","urls":{},"keyword":["Animal","Animals","Female","Humans","Male","P.H.S.","Phonetics","Pregnancy","Research Support","Sex Factors","Sheep","Sound Spectrography","Speech Perception","U.S. Gov't","Uterus","Voice Quality","7963021"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://endress.org/publications/ansgar.bib","dataSources":["xPGxHAeh3vZpx4yyE","TXa55dQbNoWnaGmMq"],"keywords":["animal","animals","female","humans","male","p.h.s.","phonetics","pregnancy","research support","sex factors","sheep","sound spectrography","speech perception","u.s. gov't","uterus","voice quality","7963021"],"search_terms":["perception","speech","sounds","recorded","within","uterus","pregnant","sheep","griffiths","brown","gerhardt","abrams","morris"],"title":"The perception of speech sounds recorded within the uterus of a pregnant sheep.","year":1994}