Improved Techniques for Grid Mapping With Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filters. Grisetti, G., Stachniss, C., & Burgard, W. IEEE Transactions on Robotics, 23(1):34-46, 2, 2007.
Improved Techniques for Grid Mapping With Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filters [pdf]Paper  Improved Techniques for Grid Mapping With Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filters [link]Website  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Recently, Rao-Blackwellized particle filters have been introduced as an effective means to solve the simultaneous localization and mapping problem. This approach uses a particle filter in which each particle carries an individual map of the environment. Accordingly, a key question is how to reduce the number of particles. In this paper, we present adaptive techniques for reducing this number in a Rao-Blackwellized particle filter for learning grid maps. We propose an approach to compute an accurate proposal distribution taking into account not only the movement of the robot but also the most recent observation. This drastically decreases the uncertainty about the robot’s pose in the prediction step of the filter. Furthermore, we present an approach to selectively carry out resampling operations which seriously reduces the problem of particle depletion. Experimental results carried out with real mobile robots in large-scale indoor as well as in outdoor environments illustrate the advantages of our methods over previous approaches.

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