Novel route to aligned nanotubes and nanofibres using laser-patterned catalytic substrates. Grobert, N, Terrones, M, Trasobares, S, Kordatos, K, Terrones, H, Olivares, J, Zhang, J P, Redlich, P., Hsu, W K, Reeves, C L, Wallis, D J, Zhu, Y Q, Hare, J P, Pidduck, A J, Kroto, H W, & Walton, D R M Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing, 70(2):175–183, Springer-Verlag GmbH & Company KG, Sch. Chem., Phys. and Environ. Sci., University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom, 2000. Paper abstract bibtex We describe the generation of aligned carbon nanotube bundles and films by pyrolysis of solid organic precursors (for example 2-amino-4,6-dichloro-s-triazine, s-triamino-triazine) at 950-1050°C over laser-patterned thin metal (Fe, Co, Ni) films, deposited on silica substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies reveal that surface roughness of the laser-etched catalytic substrates plays a key role in achieving control of nanotube growth. We believe that, during the etching process, the energised (ablated) metal clusters condense and recrystallise evenly, possibly as the metal oxide, within the edges or surface of the eroded regions. During pyrolysis these catalytic particles, embedded in the silica substrates, are responsible for carbon agglomeration and subsequent tube axial growth, suggesting that nanotube alignment strongly depends upon the etching conditions (for example laser power, pulse duration, and focal distance). The pyrolysed products (usually nanotubes or nanofibres) were characterised by SEM, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Samples containing only small amounts of amorphous carbon and other carbonaceous particles are notably absent. We observe that the degree of graphitisation is dependent upon the catalyst and the organic precursor. Interestingly, a nitrogen content ≤ 7% was detected within the nanofibres, which exhibit corrugated graphite-like morphologies. This pyrolytic method may be used to advantage in generating aligned heteroatomic nanostructures such as B xC yN z systems.
@article{Grobert2000,
abstract = {We describe the generation of aligned carbon nanotube bundles and films by pyrolysis of solid organic precursors (for example 2-amino-4,6-dichloro-s-triazine, s-triamino-triazine) at 950-1050°C over laser-patterned thin metal (Fe, Co, Ni) films, deposited on silica substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies reveal that surface roughness of the laser-etched catalytic substrates plays a key role in achieving control of nanotube growth. We believe that, during the etching process, the energised (ablated) metal clusters condense and recrystallise evenly, possibly as the metal oxide, within the edges or surface of the eroded regions. During pyrolysis these catalytic particles, embedded in the silica substrates, are responsible for carbon agglomeration and subsequent tube axial growth, suggesting that nanotube alignment strongly depends upon the etching conditions (for example laser power, pulse duration, and focal distance). The pyrolysed products (usually nanotubes or nanofibres) were characterised by SEM, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Samples containing only small amounts of amorphous carbon and other carbonaceous particles are notably absent. We observe that the degree of graphitisation is dependent upon the catalyst and the organic precursor. Interestingly, a nitrogen content ≤ 7% was detected within the nanofibres, which exhibit corrugated graphite-like morphologies. This pyrolytic method may be used to advantage in generating aligned heteroatomic nanostructures such as B xC yN z systems.},
address = {Sch. Chem., Phys. and Environ. Sci., University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom},
annote = {Cited By (since 1996): 55
Export Date: 15 January 2013
Source: Scopus
CODEN: APAMF
doi: 10.1007/s003390050030
Language of Original Document: English
Correspondence Address: Grobert, N.; Univ of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
References: Iijima, S., (1991) Nature (London), 354, p. 56;
Ebbesen, T.W., Ajayan, P.M., (1992) Nature (London), 358, p. 220;
Terrones, M., Hsu, W.K., Kroto, H.W., Walton, D.R.M., (1999) Top. Current Chem., 199, p. 189;
Treacy, M., Ebbesen, T.W., Gibson, J.M., (1996) Nature (London), 381, p. 678;
Wong, E.W., Sheehan, P.E., Lieber, C.M., (1997) Science, 277, p. 1971;
Falvo, M.R., Clary, G.J., Taylor R.M. II, Chi, V., Brooks F.P., Jr., Washburn, S., Superfine, R., (1997) Nature (London), 389, p. 582; },
author = {Grobert, N and Terrones, M and Trasobares, S and Kordatos, K and Terrones, H and Olivares, J and Zhang, J P and Redlich, Ph. and Hsu, W K and Reeves, C L and Wallis, D J and Zhu, Y Q and Hare, J P and Pidduck, A J and Kroto, H W and Walton, D R M},
issn = {09478396 (ISSN)},
journal = {Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing},
keywords = {Amorphous carbon,Amorphous materials,Atomic force microscopy,Carbon,Electron energy loss spectroscopy,Energy dispersive spectroscopy,Laser beam effects,Laser patterned catalytic substrate,Nanofiber,Nanotubes,Organic compounds,Pyrolysis,Scanning electron microscopy,Substrates,Surface roughness,Thin films},
number = {2},
pages = {175--183},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag GmbH & Company KG},
title = {{Novel route to aligned nanotubes and nanofibres using laser-patterned catalytic substrates}},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034138430&partnerID=40&md5=0de719e99b93bcd366af5cef88e6c855},
volume = {70},
year = {2000}
}
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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies reveal that surface roughness of the laser-etched catalytic substrates plays a key role in achieving control of nanotube growth. We believe that, during the etching process, the energised (ablated) metal clusters condense and recrystallise evenly, possibly as the metal oxide, within the edges or surface of the eroded regions. During pyrolysis these catalytic particles, embedded in the silica substrates, are responsible for carbon agglomeration and subsequent tube axial growth, suggesting that nanotube alignment strongly depends upon the etching conditions (for example laser power, pulse duration, and focal distance). The pyrolysed products (usually nanotubes or nanofibres) were characterised by SEM, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). 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