Considerable knock-on displacement of metal atoms under a low energy electron beam. Gu, H., Li, G., Liu, C., Yuan, F., Han, F., Zhang, L., & Wu, S. Scientific Reports, 7(1):184, March, 2017. Bandiera_abtest: a Cc_license_type: cc_by Cg_type: Nature Research Journals Number: 1 Primary_atype: Research Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Subject_term: Surfaces, interfaces and thin films;Synthesis and processing Subject_term_id: surfaces-interfaces-and-thin-films;synthesis-and-processingPaper doi abstract bibtex Under electron beam irradiation, knock-on atomic displacement is commonly thought to occur only when the incident electron energy is above the incident-energy threshold of the material in question. However, we report that when exposed to intense electrons at room temperature at a low incident energy of 30 keV, which is far below the theoretically predicted incident-energy threshold of zirconium, Zircaloy-4 (Zr-1.50Sn-0.25Fe-0.15Cr (wt.%)) surfaces can undergo considerable displacement damage. We demonstrate that electron beam irradiation of the bulk Zircaloy-4 surface resulted in a striking radiation effect that nanoscale precipitates within the surface layer gradually emerged and became clearly visible with increasing the irradiation time. Our transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations further reveal that electron beam irradiation of the thin-film Zircaly-4 surface caused the sputtering of surface α-Zr atoms, the nanoscale atomic restructuring in the α-Zr matrix, and the amorphization of precipitates. These results are the first direct evidences suggesting that displacement of metal atoms can be induced by a low incident electron energy below threshold. The presented way to irradiate may be extended to other materials aiming at producing appealing properties for applications in fields of nanotechnology, surface technology, and others.
@article{gu_considerable_2017,
title = {Considerable knock-on displacement of metal atoms under a low energy electron beam},
volume = {7},
copyright = {2017 The Author(s)},
issn = {2045-2322},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-00251-3},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-00251-3},
abstract = {Under electron beam irradiation, knock-on atomic displacement is commonly thought to occur only when the incident electron energy is above the incident-energy threshold of the material in question. However, we report that when exposed to intense electrons at room temperature at a low incident energy of 30 keV, which is far below the theoretically predicted incident-energy threshold of zirconium, Zircaloy-4 (Zr-1.50Sn-0.25Fe-0.15Cr (wt.\%)) surfaces can undergo considerable displacement damage. We demonstrate that electron beam irradiation of the bulk Zircaloy-4 surface resulted in a striking radiation effect that nanoscale precipitates within the surface layer gradually emerged and became clearly visible with increasing the irradiation time. Our transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations further reveal that electron beam irradiation of the thin-film Zircaly-4 surface caused the sputtering of surface α-Zr atoms, the nanoscale atomic restructuring in the α-Zr matrix, and the amorphization of precipitates. These results are the first direct evidences suggesting that displacement of metal atoms can be induced by a low incident electron energy below threshold. The presented way to irradiate may be extended to other materials aiming at producing appealing properties for applications in fields of nanotechnology, surface technology, and others.},
language = {en},
number = {1},
urldate = {2021-09-29},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
author = {Gu, Hengfei and Li, Geping and Liu, Chengze and Yuan, Fusen and Han, Fuzhou and Zhang, Lifeng and Wu, Songquan},
month = mar,
year = {2017},
note = {Bandiera\_abtest: a
Cc\_license\_type: cc\_by
Cg\_type: Nature Research Journals
Number: 1
Primary\_atype: Research
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
Subject\_term: Surfaces, interfaces and thin films;Synthesis and processing
Subject\_term\_id: surfaces-interfaces-and-thin-films;synthesis-and-processing},
pages = {184},
}
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However, we report that when exposed to intense electrons at room temperature at a low incident energy of 30 keV, which is far below the theoretically predicted incident-energy threshold of zirconium, Zircaloy-4 (Zr-1.50Sn-0.25Fe-0.15Cr (wt.%)) surfaces can undergo considerable displacement damage. We demonstrate that electron beam irradiation of the bulk Zircaloy-4 surface resulted in a striking radiation effect that nanoscale precipitates within the surface layer gradually emerged and became clearly visible with increasing the irradiation time. Our transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations further reveal that electron beam irradiation of the thin-film Zircaly-4 surface caused the sputtering of surface α-Zr atoms, the nanoscale atomic restructuring in the α-Zr matrix, and the amorphization of precipitates. These results are the first direct evidences suggesting that displacement of metal atoms can be induced by a low incident electron energy below threshold. 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