Perceiving 3D Size: The Role of Depth Cues and Object Interaction. Gunasekera, I., Abadi, R., Afolabi, F., Teng, X., Allison, R. S., & Wilcox, L. M. In CVR-CIAN Conference 2025: The Brain and Integrative Vision, pages 83. 2025. ![Perceiving 3D Size: The Role of Depth Cues and Object Interaction [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
-1 doi abstract bibtex Studies of size perception have often focused on the effect of distance and have used simple 2D stimuli. However, factors affecting the perceived size of volumetric 3D shapes have received less attention. Here, we evaluate the contribution of monocular and binocular depth information to size perception during passive viewing and active interaction with the stimuli. Using virtual reality (VR), we presented a virtual shape- posting toy. Targets were 3D shapes (triangle, pentagon, square, and quatrefoil), and on each trial, one target appeared alongside a box with identically shaped slots. Participants indicated if the target was larger or smaller than the corresponding slot in a 2AFC task. Shape size varied according to the method of constants; the psychometric data were fit with cumulative normal distributions to compute JNDs and PSEs. We assessed the effects of stereopsis and object motion in two experiments. In Experiment 1 (N=28), the shapes were viewed monocularly or binocularly and were stationary or could be picked up and rotated. In Experiment 2 (N=26), we evaluated the effect of two types of motion (passive oscillation vs active movement) and monocular vs. binocular viewing. In Experiment 2, positional data for both head movements and object trajectories were collected. We found that observers discriminated size accurately across all test conditions; PSEs showed no consistent bias. Binocular judgments were more precise (smaller JNDs) than monocular judgments. Surprisingly, in the monocular conditions, discrimination performance worsened when participants interacted with the object. Analysis of target positions during trials showed that observers did not adopt different strategies depending on the depth cues available (e.g. they did not bring monocularly viewed objects closer). Our results underscore the importance of binocular depth information in the perception of 3D object size, even when motion or active interaction could theoretically improve size judgments.
@incollection{Gunasekera:2025aa,
abstract = {Studies of size perception have often focused on the effect of distance and have used
simple 2D stimuli. However, factors affecting the perceived size of volumetric 3D
shapes have received less attention. Here, we evaluate the contribution of monocular
and binocular depth information to size perception during passive viewing and active
interaction with the stimuli. Using virtual reality (VR), we presented a virtual shape-
posting toy. Targets were 3D shapes (triangle, pentagon, square, and quatrefoil), and on
each trial, one target appeared alongside a box with identically shaped slots. Participants
indicated if the target was larger or smaller than the corresponding slot in a 2AFC task.
Shape size varied according to the method of constants; the psychometric data were
fit with cumulative normal distributions to compute JNDs and PSEs. We assessed the
effects of stereopsis and object motion in two experiments. In Experiment 1 (N=28),
the shapes were viewed monocularly or binocularly and were stationary or could be
picked up and rotated. In Experiment 2 (N=26), we evaluated the effect of two types of
motion (passive oscillation vs active movement) and monocular vs. binocular viewing.
In Experiment 2, positional data for both head movements and object trajectories
were collected. We found that observers discriminated size accurately across all test
conditions; PSEs showed no consistent bias. Binocular judgments were more precise
(smaller JNDs) than monocular judgments. Surprisingly, in the monocular conditions,
discrimination performance worsened when participants interacted with the object.
Analysis of target positions during trials showed that observers did not adopt different
strategies depending on the depth cues available (e.g. they did not bring monocularly
viewed objects closer). Our results underscore the importance of binocular depth
information in the perception of 3D object size, even when motion or active interaction
could theoretically improve size judgments.},
annote = {JUNE 17-19, 2025
SECOND STUDENT CENTRE
YORK UNIVERSITY},
author = {Iroshini Gunasekera and Romina Abadi and Faruq Afolabi and Xue Teng and Robert S. Allison and Laurie M. Wilcox},
booktitle = {CVR-CIAN Conference 2025: The Brain and Integrative Vision},
date-added = {2025-07-26 06:20:14 -0400},
date-modified = {2025-07-26 06:20:14 -0400},
doi = {10.25071/10315/42927},
keywords = {Augmented & Virtual Reality},
pages = {83},
title = {Perceiving 3D Size: The Role of Depth Cues and Object Interaction},
url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.25071/10315/42927},
year = {2025},
bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.25071/10315/42927}}
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Participants indicated if the target was larger or smaller than the corresponding slot in a 2AFC task. Shape size varied according to the method of constants; the psychometric data were fit with cumulative normal distributions to compute JNDs and PSEs. We assessed the effects of stereopsis and object motion in two experiments. In Experiment 1 (N=28), the shapes were viewed monocularly or binocularly and were stationary or could be picked up and rotated. In Experiment 2 (N=26), we evaluated the effect of two types of motion (passive oscillation vs active movement) and monocular vs. binocular viewing. In Experiment 2, positional data for both head movements and object trajectories were collected. We found that observers discriminated size accurately across all test conditions; PSEs showed no consistent bias. Binocular judgments were more precise (smaller JNDs) than monocular judgments. Surprisingly, in the monocular conditions, discrimination performance worsened when participants interacted with the object. Analysis of target positions during trials showed that observers did not adopt different strategies depending on the depth cues available (e.g. they did not bring monocularly viewed objects closer). Our results underscore the importance of binocular depth information in the perception of 3D object size, even when motion or active interaction could theoretically improve size judgments.","annote":"JUNE 17-19, 2025 SECOND STUDENT CENTRE YORK UNIVERSITY","author":[{"firstnames":["Iroshini"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Gunasekera"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Romina"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Abadi"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Faruq"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Afolabi"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Xue"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Teng"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Robert","S."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Allison"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Laurie","M."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Wilcox"],"suffixes":[]}],"booktitle":"CVR-CIAN Conference 2025: The Brain and Integrative Vision","date-added":"2025-07-26 06:20:14 -0400","date-modified":"2025-07-26 06:20:14 -0400","doi":"10.25071/10315/42927","keywords":"Augmented & Virtual Reality","pages":"83","title":"Perceiving 3D Size: The Role of Depth Cues and Object Interaction","url-1":"https://doi.org/10.25071/10315/42927","year":"2025","bdsk-url-1":"https://doi.org/10.25071/10315/42927","bibtex":"@incollection{Gunasekera:2025aa,\n\tabstract = {Studies of size perception have often focused on the effect of distance and have used\nsimple 2D stimuli. However, factors affecting the perceived size of volumetric 3D\nshapes have received less attention. Here, we evaluate the contribution of monocular\nand binocular depth information to size perception during passive viewing and active\ninteraction with the stimuli. Using virtual reality (VR), we presented a virtual shape-\nposting toy. Targets were 3D shapes (triangle, pentagon, square, and quatrefoil), and on\neach trial, one target appeared alongside a box with identically shaped slots. Participants\nindicated if the target was larger or smaller than the corresponding slot in a 2AFC task.\nShape size varied according to the method of constants; the psychometric data were\nfit with cumulative normal distributions to compute JNDs and PSEs. We assessed the\neffects of stereopsis and object motion in two experiments. In Experiment 1 (N=28),\nthe shapes were viewed monocularly or binocularly and were stationary or could be\npicked up and rotated. In Experiment 2 (N=26), we evaluated the effect of two types of\nmotion (passive oscillation vs active movement) and monocular vs. binocular viewing.\nIn Experiment 2, positional data for both head movements and object trajectories\nwere collected. We found that observers discriminated size accurately across all test\nconditions; PSEs showed no consistent bias. Binocular judgments were more precise\n(smaller JNDs) than monocular judgments. Surprisingly, in the monocular conditions,\ndiscrimination performance worsened when participants interacted with the object.\nAnalysis of target positions during trials showed that observers did not adopt different\nstrategies depending on the depth cues available (e.g. they did not bring monocularly\nviewed objects closer). 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