On the relationship between recall and recognition memory. Haist, F., Shimamura, A. P., & Squire, L. R. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 18(4):691–702, 1992.
abstract   bibtex   
The relationship between recall and recognition has been a central topic for the study of memory. A test of alternative views about recall and recognition was arranged by studying amnesic patients. In amnesia, damage has occurred to a brain system important for declarative (conscious) memory, but skill learning, priming, and other forms of nonconscious memory are intact. Recall and recognition were found to be proportionately impaired in amnesic patients, and confidence ratings for the recognition judgments were commensurate with the level of impaired performance. The results are contrary to views that either recognition memory or associated confidence judgments are ordinarily supported significantly by nonconscious memory. The results favor the view that recall and recognition are related functions of declarative memory and equivalently dependent on the brain system damaged in amnesia.
@Article{Haist1992,
  author      = {F. Haist and A. P. Shimamura and L. R. Squire},
  journal     = {J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn},
  title       = {On the relationship between recall and recognition memory.},
  year        = {1992},
  number      = {4},
  pages       = {691--702},
  volume      = {18},
  abstract    = {The relationship between recall and recognition has been a central
	topic for the study of memory. A test of alternative views about
	recall and recognition was arranged by studying amnesic patients.
	In amnesia, damage has occurred to a brain system important for declarative
	(conscious) memory, but skill learning, priming, and other forms
	of nonconscious memory are intact. Recall and recognition were found
	to be proportionately impaired in amnesic patients, and confidence
	ratings for the recognition judgments were commensurate with the
	level of impaired performance. The results are contrary to views
	that either recognition memory or associated confidence judgments
	are ordinarily supported significantly by nonconscious memory. The
	results favor the view that recall and recognition are related functions
	of declarative memory and equivalently dependent on the brain system
	damaged in amnesia.},
  institution = {Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego.},
  keywords    = {Aged; Alcohol Amnestic Disorder, psychology; Amnesia, psychology; Brain Damage, Chronic, psychology; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Recall; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Verbal Learning},
  language    = {eng},
  medline-pst = {ppublish},
  pmid        = {1385610},
  timestamp   = {2011.03.18},
}

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