Use of acid-suppressive drugs in pregnancy and the risk of childhood asthma: bidirectional crossover study using the general practice research database. Hak, E., Mulder, B., Schuiling-Veninga, C. C. M., de Vries, T. W., & Jick, S. S. Drug Safety, 36(11):1097--1104, November, 2013. doi abstract bibtex BACKGROUND: Recent studies have reported an association between maternal use of gastric acid-suppressive drugs during pregnancy and asthma in the offspring, but the association could have been confounded by unmeasured risk factors. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the association between the use of acid-suppressive drugs during pregnancy and the risk of developing childhood asthma using a bidirectional crossover design. METHODS: Mother-infant matched sets in the UK General Practitioners Research Database were used to identify children with a drug-treated asthma diagnosis during the years 2006-2010 who were matched to a sibling without asthma as controls. Primary exposure was use of any anti-suppressive drug during pregnancy, and subgroup analyses were conducted according to drug class (e.g. proton pump inhibitors or histamine 2 receptor antagonists) and trimester. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) with their corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: A total of 1,874 children with asthma and 1,874 control siblings were included in the analysis. The exposure rate among case and control pregnancies was 22 and 20 %, respectively. After adjustments for gender, birth order, mother's age and general practice visits, the exposure to any gastric-acid suppressive drug during pregnancy slightly increased the risk for developing asthma (OR 1.23, 95 % CI 1.01-1.51; p = 0.042). A trend towards increased risks was observed for those who used proton pump inhibitors and/or histamine 2 receptor antagonists (adjusted OR 1.72, 95 % CI 1.00-2.98; p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: These findings lend support to the emerging evidence that exposure to acid-suppressive drugs during pregnancy is associated with childhood asthma. More basic research is now warranted to investigate the mechanisms.
@article{hak_use_2013,
title = {Use of acid-suppressive drugs in pregnancy and the risk of childhood asthma: bidirectional crossover study using the general practice research database},
volume = {36},
issn = {0114-5916},
shorttitle = {Use of acid-suppressive drugs in pregnancy and the risk of childhood asthma},
doi = {10.1007/s40264-013-0093-z},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Recent studies have reported an association between maternal use of gastric acid-suppressive drugs during pregnancy and asthma in the offspring, but the association could have been confounded by unmeasured risk factors.
OBJECTIVE: We assessed the association between the use of acid-suppressive drugs during pregnancy and the risk of developing childhood asthma using a bidirectional crossover design.
METHODS: Mother-infant matched sets in the UK General Practitioners Research Database were used to identify children with a drug-treated asthma diagnosis during the years 2006-2010 who were matched to a sibling without asthma as controls. Primary exposure was use of any anti-suppressive drug during pregnancy, and subgroup analyses were conducted according to drug class (e.g. proton pump inhibitors or histamine 2 receptor antagonists) and trimester. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) with their corresponding 95 \% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS: A total of 1,874 children with asthma and 1,874 control siblings were included in the analysis. The exposure rate among case and control pregnancies was 22 and 20 \%, respectively. After adjustments for gender, birth order, mother's age and general practice visits, the exposure to any gastric-acid suppressive drug during pregnancy slightly increased the risk for developing asthma (OR 1.23, 95 \% CI 1.01-1.51; p = 0.042). A trend towards increased risks was observed for those who used proton pump inhibitors and/or histamine 2 receptor antagonists (adjusted OR 1.72, 95 \% CI 1.00-2.98; p = 0.048).
CONCLUSIONS: These findings lend support to the emerging evidence that exposure to acid-suppressive drugs during pregnancy is associated with childhood asthma. More basic research is now warranted to investigate the mechanisms.},
language = {eng},
number = {11},
journal = {Drug Safety},
author = {Hak, Eelko and Mulder, Bianca and Schuiling-Veninga, Catharina C. M. and de Vries, Tjalling W. and Jick, Susan S.},
month = nov,
year = {2013},
pmid = {24018582},
pmcid = {PMC3824882},
keywords = {Adult, Antacids, Asthma, Child, Preschool, Confidence Intervals, Cross-Over Studies, Databases, Factual, Female, General Practice, Great Britain, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Odds Ratio, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, pregnancy},
pages = {1097--1104}
}
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S."],"year":2013,"bibtype":"article","biburl":"http://bibbase.org/zotero/veegee78","bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Use of acid-suppressive drugs in pregnancy and the risk of childhood asthma: bidirectional crossover study using the general practice research database","volume":"36","issn":"0114-5916","shorttitle":"Use of acid-suppressive drugs in pregnancy and the risk of childhood asthma","doi":"10.1007/s40264-013-0093-z","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Recent studies have reported an association between maternal use of gastric acid-suppressive drugs during pregnancy and asthma in the offspring, but the association could have been confounded by unmeasured risk factors. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the association between the use of acid-suppressive drugs during pregnancy and the risk of developing childhood asthma using a bidirectional crossover design. METHODS: Mother-infant matched sets in the UK General Practitioners Research Database were used to identify children with a drug-treated asthma diagnosis during the years 2006-2010 who were matched to a sibling without asthma as controls. Primary exposure was use of any anti-suppressive drug during pregnancy, and subgroup analyses were conducted according to drug class (e.g. proton pump inhibitors or histamine 2 receptor antagonists) and trimester. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) with their corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: A total of 1,874 children with asthma and 1,874 control siblings were included in the analysis. The exposure rate among case and control pregnancies was 22 and 20 %, respectively. After adjustments for gender, birth order, mother's age and general practice visits, the exposure to any gastric-acid suppressive drug during pregnancy slightly increased the risk for developing asthma (OR 1.23, 95 % CI 1.01-1.51; p = 0.042). A trend towards increased risks was observed for those who used proton pump inhibitors and/or histamine 2 receptor antagonists (adjusted OR 1.72, 95 % CI 1.00-2.98; p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: These findings lend support to the emerging evidence that exposure to acid-suppressive drugs during pregnancy is associated with childhood asthma. More basic research is now warranted to investigate the mechanisms.","language":"eng","number":"11","journal":"Drug Safety","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Hak"],"firstnames":["Eelko"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Mulder"],"firstnames":["Bianca"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Schuiling-Veninga"],"firstnames":["Catharina","C.","M."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":["de"],"lastnames":["Vries"],"firstnames":["Tjalling","W."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Jick"],"firstnames":["Susan","S."],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"November","year":"2013","pmid":"24018582","pmcid":"PMC3824882","keywords":"Adult, Antacids, Asthma, Child, Preschool, Confidence Intervals, Cross-Over Studies, Databases, Factual, Female, General Practice, Great Britain, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Odds Ratio, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, pregnancy","pages":"1097--1104","bibtex":"@article{hak_use_2013,\n\ttitle = {Use of acid-suppressive drugs in pregnancy and the risk of childhood asthma: bidirectional crossover study using the general practice research database},\n\tvolume = {36},\n\tissn = {0114-5916},\n\tshorttitle = {Use of acid-suppressive drugs in pregnancy and the risk of childhood asthma},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s40264-013-0093-z},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Recent studies have reported an association between maternal use of gastric acid-suppressive drugs during pregnancy and asthma in the offspring, but the association could have been confounded by unmeasured risk factors.\nOBJECTIVE: We assessed the association between the use of acid-suppressive drugs during pregnancy and the risk of developing childhood asthma using a bidirectional crossover design.\nMETHODS: Mother-infant matched sets in the UK General Practitioners Research Database were used to identify children with a drug-treated asthma diagnosis during the years 2006-2010 who were matched to a sibling without asthma as controls. Primary exposure was use of any anti-suppressive drug during pregnancy, and subgroup analyses were conducted according to drug class (e.g. proton pump inhibitors or histamine 2 receptor antagonists) and trimester. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) with their corresponding 95 \\% confidence intervals (CIs).\nRESULTS: A total of 1,874 children with asthma and 1,874 control siblings were included in the analysis. The exposure rate among case and control pregnancies was 22 and 20 \\%, respectively. After adjustments for gender, birth order, mother's age and general practice visits, the exposure to any gastric-acid suppressive drug during pregnancy slightly increased the risk for developing asthma (OR 1.23, 95 \\% CI 1.01-1.51; p = 0.042). A trend towards increased risks was observed for those who used proton pump inhibitors and/or histamine 2 receptor antagonists (adjusted OR 1.72, 95 \\% CI 1.00-2.98; p = 0.048).\nCONCLUSIONS: These findings lend support to the emerging evidence that exposure to acid-suppressive drugs during pregnancy is associated with childhood asthma. More basic research is now warranted to investigate the mechanisms.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {11},\n\tjournal = {Drug Safety},\n\tauthor = {Hak, Eelko and Mulder, Bianca and Schuiling-Veninga, Catharina C. 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