@incollection{haklay2013,
	address = {Dordrecht},
	title = {Citizen {Science} and {Volunteered} {Geographic} {Information}: {Overview} and {Typology} of {Participation}},
	isbn = {978-94-007-4587-2},
	shorttitle = {公民科学和志愿地理信息：概述和参与类型},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4587-2_7},
	abstract = {Within volunteered geographic information (VGI), citizen science stands out as a class of activities that require special attention and analysis. Citizen science is likely to be the longest running of VGI activities, with some projects showing continuous effort over a century. In addition, many projects are characterised by a genuine element of volunteering and contribution of information for the benefit of human knowledge and science. They are also tasks where data quality and uncertainty come to the fore when evaluating the validity of the results. This chapter provides an overview of citizen science in the context of VGI – hence the focus on geographic citizen science. This chapter highlights the historical context of citizen science and its more recent incarnation. It also covers some of the cultural and conceptual challenges that citizen science faces and the resulting limitation on the level of engagement. By drawing parallels with the Participatory Geographic Information Systems (PGIS) literature, the chapter offers a framework for participation in citizen science and concludes with the suggestion that a more participatory mode of citizen science is possible.

【摘要翻译】在志愿地理信息（VGI）中，公民科学是一类需要特别关注和分析的活动。在志愿地理信息活动中，公民科学可能是持续时间最长的活动，有些项目的持续工作时间长达一个世纪。此外，许多项目的特点是真正的志愿服务和信息贡献，以促进人类知识和科学的发展。在评估结果的有效性时，数据质量和不确定性也是非常重要的。本章概述了虚拟地理信息系统背景下的公民科学--因此重点是地理公民科学。本章重点介绍了公民科学的历史背景及其最新发展。本章还介绍了公民科学面临的一些文化和概念挑战，以及由此对参与程度造成的限制。通过与 "参与式地理信息系统"（PGIS）文献进行比较，本章为公民科学的参与提供了一个框架，并在结论中提出了一种更具参与性的公民科学模式是可能的。},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2021-09-06},
	booktitle = {Crowdsourcing {Geographic} {Knowledge}: {Volunteered} {Geographic} {Information} ({VGI}) in {Theory} and {Practice}},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	author = {Haklay, Muki},
	editor = {Sui, Daniel and Elwood, Sarah and Goodchild, Michael},
	year = {2013},
	note = {🏷️ /unread、Citizen Science、Geographic Information System、Global Position System Receiver、Volunteer Computing、Volunteer Geographic Information},
	keywords = {/unread, Citizen Science, Geographic Information System, Global Position System Receiver, Volunteer Computing, Volunteer Geographic Information},
	pages = {105--122},
}

{"_id":"k2si7piPNxJH2YQsR","bibbaseid":"haklay-citizenscienceandvolunteeredgeographicinformationoverviewandtypologyofparticipation-2013","downloads":0,"creationDate":"2016-03-15T09:40:25.278Z","title":"Citizen Science and Volunteered Geographic Information: Overview and Typology of Participation","author_short":["Haklay, M."],"year":2013,"bibtype":"incollection","biburl":"https://api.zotero.org/groups/2386895/collections/L5DPTH6D/items?format=bibtex&limit=100","bibdata":{"bibtype":"incollection","type":"incollection","address":"Dordrecht","title":"Citizen Science and Volunteered Geographic Information: Overview and Typology of Participation","isbn":"978-94-007-4587-2","shorttitle":"公民科学和志愿地理信息：概述和参与类型","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4587-2_7","abstract":"Within volunteered geographic information (VGI), citizen science stands out as a class of activities that require special attention and analysis. Citizen science is likely to be the longest running of VGI activities, with some projects showing continuous effort over a century. In addition, many projects are characterised by a genuine element of volunteering and contribution of information for the benefit of human knowledge and science. They are also tasks where data quality and uncertainty come to the fore when evaluating the validity of the results. This chapter provides an overview of citizen science in the context of VGI – hence the focus on geographic citizen science. This chapter highlights the historical context of citizen science and its more recent incarnation. It also covers some of the cultural and conceptual challenges that citizen science faces and the resulting limitation on the level of engagement. By drawing parallels with the Participatory Geographic Information Systems (PGIS) literature, the chapter offers a framework for participation in citizen science and concludes with the suggestion that a more participatory mode of citizen science is possible. 【摘要翻译】在志愿地理信息（VGI）中，公民科学是一类需要特别关注和分析的活动。在志愿地理信息活动中，公民科学可能是持续时间最长的活动，有些项目的持续工作时间长达一个世纪。此外，许多项目的特点是真正的志愿服务和信息贡献，以促进人类知识和科学的发展。在评估结果的有效性时，数据质量和不确定性也是非常重要的。本章概述了虚拟地理信息系统背景下的公民科学–因此重点是地理公民科学。本章重点介绍了公民科学的历史背景及其最新发展。本章还介绍了公民科学面临的一些文化和概念挑战，以及由此对参与程度造成的限制。通过与 \"参与式地理信息系统\"（PGIS）文献进行比较，本章为公民科学的参与提供了一个框架，并在结论中提出了一种更具参与性的公民科学模式是可能的。","language":"en","urldate":"2021-09-06","booktitle":"Crowdsourcing Geographic Knowledge: Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) in Theory and Practice","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Haklay"],"firstnames":["Muki"],"suffixes":[]}],"editor":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Sui"],"firstnames":["Daniel"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Elwood"],"firstnames":["Sarah"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Goodchild"],"firstnames":["Michael"],"suffixes":[]}],"year":"2013","note":"🏷️ /unread、Citizen Science、Geographic Information System、Global Position System Receiver、Volunteer Computing、Volunteer Geographic Information","keywords":"/unread, Citizen Science, Geographic Information System, Global Position System Receiver, Volunteer Computing, Volunteer Geographic Information","pages":"105–122","bibtex":"@incollection{haklay2013,\n\taddress = {Dordrecht},\n\ttitle = {Citizen {Science} and {Volunteered} {Geographic} {Information}: {Overview} and {Typology} of {Participation}},\n\tisbn = {978-94-007-4587-2},\n\tshorttitle = {公民科学和志愿地理信息：概述和参与类型},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4587-2_7},\n\tabstract = {Within volunteered geographic information (VGI), citizen science stands out as a class of activities that require special attention and analysis. Citizen science is likely to be the longest running of VGI activities, with some projects showing continuous effort over a century. In addition, many projects are characterised by a genuine element of volunteering and contribution of information for the benefit of human knowledge and science. They are also tasks where data quality and uncertainty come to the fore when evaluating the validity of the results. This chapter provides an overview of citizen science in the context of VGI – hence the focus on geographic citizen science. This chapter highlights the historical context of citizen science and its more recent incarnation. It also covers some of the cultural and conceptual challenges that citizen science faces and the resulting limitation on the level of engagement. By drawing parallels with the Participatory Geographic Information Systems (PGIS) literature, the chapter offers a framework for participation in citizen science and concludes with the suggestion that a more participatory mode of citizen science is possible.\n\n【摘要翻译】在志愿地理信息（VGI）中，公民科学是一类需要特别关注和分析的活动。在志愿地理信息活动中，公民科学可能是持续时间最长的活动，有些项目的持续工作时间长达一个世纪。此外，许多项目的特点是真正的志愿服务和信息贡献，以促进人类知识和科学的发展。在评估结果的有效性时，数据质量和不确定性也是非常重要的。本章概述了虚拟地理信息系统背景下的公民科学--因此重点是地理公民科学。本章重点介绍了公民科学的历史背景及其最新发展。本章还介绍了公民科学面临的一些文化和概念挑战，以及由此对参与程度造成的限制。通过与 \"参与式地理信息系统\"（PGIS）文献进行比较，本章为公民科学的参与提供了一个框架，并在结论中提出了一种更具参与性的公民科学模式是可能的。},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2021-09-06},\n\tbooktitle = {Crowdsourcing {Geographic} {Knowledge}: {Volunteered} {Geographic} {Information} ({VGI}) in {Theory} and {Practice}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Netherlands},\n\tauthor = {Haklay, Muki},\n\teditor = {Sui, Daniel and Elwood, Sarah and Goodchild, Michael},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {🏷️ /unread、Citizen Science、Geographic Information System、Global Position System Receiver、Volunteer Computing、Volunteer Geographic Information},\n\tkeywords = {/unread, Citizen Science, Geographic Information System, Global Position System Receiver, Volunteer Computing, Volunteer Geographic Information},\n\tpages = {105--122},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Haklay, M."],"editor_short":["Sui, D.","Elwood, S.","Goodchild, M."],"key":"haklay2013","id":"haklay2013","bibbaseid":"haklay-citizenscienceandvolunteeredgeographicinformationoverviewandtypologyofparticipation-2013","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4587-2_7"},"keyword":["/unread","Citizen Science","Geographic Information System","Global Position System Receiver","Volunteer Computing","Volunteer Geographic Information"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}},"downloads":0},"search_terms":["citizen","science","volunteered","geographic","information","overview","typology","participation","haklay"],"keywords":["/unread","citizen science","geographic information system","global position system receiver","volunteer computing","volunteer geographic information"],"authorIDs":[],"dataSources":["LpRvhXbXHuCo7ktS4","YXnKxykgewaZSWfRw"]}