X-ray Protection in American Hospitals. Hamilton, V. In Sarathy, B., Hamilton, V., & Brodie, J. F., editors, Inevitably Toxic, of Historical Perspectives on Contamination, Exposure, and Expertise, pages 23–49. University of Pittsburgh Press, 2018.
X-ray Protection in American Hospitals [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
The diagnostic and therapeutic promise of x-rays drew Americans into hospitals at an unprecedented rate in the early twentieth century, and yet the dangers associated with medical x-rays were significant and well known. Anyone walking into an x-ray room—patients, doctors, technicians—risked electrocution from high-voltage power sources, fire from tremendously flammable x-ray film, and even blunt trauma from falling apparatus.¹ When the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) published the first nationally recognized set of guidelines for x-ray protection in 1931,² a significant portion of the pamphlet offered recommendations intending to minimize these electrical and fire hazards. Overall, these recommendations
@incollection{hamilton_x-ray_2018,
	series = {Historical {Perspectives} on {Contamination}, {Exposure}, and {Expertise}},
	title = {X-ray {Protection} in {American} {Hospitals}},
	isbn = {978-0-8229-4531-4},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv7n0c37.5},
	abstract = {The diagnostic and therapeutic promise of x-rays drew Americans into hospitals at an unprecedented rate in the early twentieth century, and yet the dangers associated with medical x-rays were significant and well known. Anyone walking into an x-ray room—patients, doctors, technicians—risked electrocution from high-voltage power sources, fire from tremendously flammable x-ray film, and even blunt trauma from falling apparatus.¹ When the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) published the first nationally recognized set of guidelines for x-ray protection in 1931,² a significant portion of the pamphlet offered recommendations intending to minimize these electrical and fire hazards. Overall, these recommendations},
	urldate = {2021-07-08},
	booktitle = {Inevitably {Toxic}},
	publisher = {University of Pittsburgh Press},
	author = {Hamilton, Vivien},
	editor = {Sarathy, Brinda and Hamilton, Vivien and Brodie, Janet Farrell},
	year = {2018},
	doi = {10.2307/j.ctv7n0c37.5},
	keywords = {Ignorance in history and philosophy of science and technology - general information, PRINTED (Fonds papier)},
	pages = {23--49},
}

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