Non-epithelial stem cells and cortical interneuron production in the human ganglionic eminences. Hansen, D. V, Lui, J. H, Flandin, P., Yoshikawa, K., Rubenstein, J. L, Alvarez-Buylla, A., & Kriegstein, A. R Nat Neurosci, 16(11):1576–1587, October, 2013.
abstract   bibtex   
GABAergic cortical interneurons underlie the complexity of neural circuits and are particularly numerous and diverse in humans. In rodents, cortical interneurons originate in the subpallial ganglionic eminences, but their developmental origins in humans are controversial. We characterized the developing human ganglionic eminences and found that the subventricular zone (SVZ) expanded massively during the early second trimester, becoming densely populated with neural stem cells and intermediate progenitor cells. In contrast with the cortex, most stem cells in the ganglionic eminence SVZ did not maintain radial fibers or orientation. The medial ganglionic eminence exhibited unique patterns of progenitor cell organization and clustering, and markers revealed that the caudal ganglionic eminence generated a greater proportion of cortical interneurons in humans than in rodents. On the basis of labeling of newborn neurons in slice culture and mapping of proliferating interneuron progenitors, we conclude that the vast majority of human cortical interneurons are produced in the ganglionic eminences, including an enormous contribution from non-epithelial SVZ stem cells.
@ARTICLE{Hansen2013-zg,
  title    = "Non-epithelial stem cells and cortical interneuron production in
              the human ganglionic eminences",
  author   = "Hansen, David V and Lui, Jan H and Flandin, Pierre and Yoshikawa,
              Kazuaki and Rubenstein, John L and Alvarez-Buylla, Arturo and
              Kriegstein, Arnold R",
  abstract = "GABAergic cortical interneurons underlie the complexity of neural
              circuits and are particularly numerous and diverse in humans. In
              rodents, cortical interneurons originate in the subpallial
              ganglionic eminences, but their developmental origins in humans
              are controversial. We characterized the developing human
              ganglionic eminences and found that the subventricular zone (SVZ)
              expanded massively during the early second trimester, becoming
              densely populated with neural stem cells and intermediate
              progenitor cells. In contrast with the cortex, most stem cells in
              the ganglionic eminence SVZ did not maintain radial fibers or
              orientation. The medial ganglionic eminence exhibited unique
              patterns of progenitor cell organization and clustering, and
              markers revealed that the caudal ganglionic eminence generated a
              greater proportion of cortical interneurons in humans than in
              rodents. On the basis of labeling of newborn neurons in slice
              culture and mapping of proliferating interneuron progenitors, we
              conclude that the vast majority of human cortical interneurons
              are produced in the ganglionic eminences, including an enormous
              contribution from non-epithelial SVZ stem cells.",
  journal  = "Nat Neurosci",
  volume   =  16,
  number   =  11,
  pages    = "1576--1587",
  month    =  oct,
  year     =  2013,
  language = "en"
}

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