Éternit et les dangers de l'amiante-ciment,1922-2006. Hardy-Hémery, O. Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine, April, 2009. 1![Éternit et les dangers de l'amiante-ciment,1922-2006 [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper abstract bibtex L’asbeste, minéral utilisé en sous-traitance automobile, construction navale, bâtiment (flocage), sert surtout à la fabrication d’amiante-ciment, matériau très solide et bon marché ; dès l’entre-deux-guerres, la firme Eternit en acquiert le leadership en France et dans le monde, jusqu’à l’euphorie des années 1950-1975. Mais l’entreprise détruit le capital humain à la base de sa prospérité : les fibres microscopiques sclérosent mortellement les poumons des manipulateurs. Longtemps, l’invisibilité physique du risque (grand délai de latence) se double d’une invisibilité sociale (absence de tout dispositif de reconnaissance). L’étude examine la stratégie des entrepreneurs et des pouvoirs publics faisant adopter «l’usage contrôlé» de l’amiante (1960-1994), qui légitime une ration durable d’intoxication. Sont analysés les responsabilités et silences ou minimisations des industriels, des pouvoirs publics, de l’inspection et de la médecine du travail. Depuis 30 ans,les victimes se sont organisées et ont remporté de premières victoires dans la reconnaissance de la responsabilité des industriels, et dans l’indemnisation. Asbestos is a mineral used by subcontracting firms in the car,naval and building industries,mainly to produce asbestos cement,a cheap and strong material.During the two world wars,Eternit became the French and world leader in the production of asbestos cement,and remained so until the euphoria of the years 1950-1975.But as technicians inhaled microscopic asbestos fibres,they suffered from a fatal hardening of the lungs,thus destroying the human capital on which Eternit’s wealth depended.For a long time the risk was invisible both physically and socially,through its long latency period and to the absence of any recognition procedure.This article examines the strategies of both companies and government in favour of a “controlled use” of asbestos (1960-1994),which sought to define a “safe” level of asbestos poisoning.It documents the responsibilities,silences and fallacies of industrialists,government officials,factory inspectors and doctors.In the last 30 years the victims have organised themselves and won their first victories in recognising the responsibility of industrialists and in the principle of compensation.
@article{hardy-hemery_eternit_2009,
title = {Éternit et les dangers de l'amiante-ciment,1922-2006},
issn = {0048-8003},
url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-d-histoire-moderne-et-contemporaine-2009-1-page-197.htm?1=1&DocId=375409&hits=15222+15220+15100+15053+14872+13521+13469+13429+13390+13280+13142+13072+12954+12909+12861+12746+12575+12502+12328+12312+12209+12180+12010+11961+11909+11762+11732+11687+11677+11659+11628+11522+11493+11489+11477+11470+11390+11386+11380+11376+11344+11316+11287+11207+11178+11165+11110+11038+10773+10578+10345+10287+9884+9537+9202+7675+6963+6911+6853+6796+6713+6551+6498+6489+6406+6395+6314+6298+6116+5718+5636+5417+4885+4671+4593+4338+4160+4124+3904+3742+3717+3548+3434+3074+2833+2259+2176+2028+1813+1779+1743+1698+1683+1681+1449+1428+1343+1273+1185+1142+1092+1026+955+785+714+664+512+501+180+125+71+10+9+8+7+6+5+4+3+1+},
abstract = {L’asbeste, minéral utilisé en sous-traitance automobile, construction navale, bâtiment (flocage), sert surtout à la fabrication d’amiante-ciment, matériau très solide et bon marché ; dès l’entre-deux-guerres, la firme Eternit en acquiert le leadership en France et dans le monde, jusqu’à l’euphorie des années 1950-1975. Mais l’entreprise détruit le capital humain à la base de sa prospérité : les fibres microscopiques sclérosent mortellement les poumons des manipulateurs. Longtemps, l’invisibilité physique du risque (grand délai de latence) se double d’une invisibilité sociale (absence de tout dispositif de reconnaissance). L’étude examine la stratégie des entrepreneurs et des pouvoirs publics faisant adopter «l’usage contrôlé» de l’amiante (1960-1994), qui légitime une ration durable d’intoxication. Sont analysés les responsabilités et silences ou minimisations des industriels, des pouvoirs publics, de l’inspection et de la médecine du travail. Depuis 30 ans,les victimes se sont organisées et ont remporté de premières victoires dans la reconnaissance de la responsabilité des industriels, et dans l’indemnisation. Asbestos is a mineral used by subcontracting firms in the car,naval and building industries,mainly to produce asbestos cement,a cheap and strong material.During the two world wars,Eternit became the French and world leader in the production of asbestos cement,and remained so until the euphoria of the years 1950-1975.But as technicians inhaled microscopic asbestos fibres,they suffered from a fatal hardening of the lungs,thus destroying the human capital on which Eternit’s wealth depended.For a long time the risk was invisible both physically and socially,through its long latency period and to the absence of any recognition procedure.This article examines the strategies of both companies and government in favour of a “controlled use” of asbestos (1960-1994),which sought to define a “safe” level of asbestos poisoning.It documents the responsibilities,silences and fallacies of industrialists,government officials,factory inspectors and doctors.In the last 30 years the victims have organised themselves and won their first victories in recognising the responsibility of industrialists and in the principle of compensation.},
language = {fr},
number = {56-1},
urldate = {2017-10-06},
journal = {Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine},
author = {Hardy-Hémery, Odette},
month = apr,
year = {2009},
note = {1},
keywords = {3 Ignorance and censorship, 6 Ignorance and public policies, France, Ignorance et censure, PRINTED (Fonds papier), XXe siècle, amiante, asbestose, cancer, indemnisation, maladie professionnelle, mésothéliome},
pages = {197--226},
}
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Mais l’entreprise détruit le capital humain à la base de sa prospérité : les fibres microscopiques sclérosent mortellement les poumons des manipulateurs. Longtemps, l’invisibilité physique du risque (grand délai de latence) se double d’une invisibilité sociale (absence de tout dispositif de reconnaissance). L’étude examine la stratégie des entrepreneurs et des pouvoirs publics faisant adopter «l’usage contrôlé» de l’amiante (1960-1994), qui légitime une ration durable d’intoxication. Sont analysés les responsabilités et silences ou minimisations des industriels, des pouvoirs publics, de l’inspection et de la médecine du travail. Depuis 30 ans,les victimes se sont organisées et ont remporté de premières victoires dans la reconnaissance de la responsabilité des industriels, et dans l’indemnisation. 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Mais l’entreprise détruit le capital humain à la base de sa prospérité : les fibres microscopiques sclérosent mortellement les poumons des manipulateurs. Longtemps, l’invisibilité physique du risque (grand délai de latence) se double d’une invisibilité sociale (absence de tout dispositif de reconnaissance). L’étude examine la stratégie des entrepreneurs et des pouvoirs publics faisant adopter «l’usage contrôlé» de l’amiante (1960-1994), qui légitime une ration durable d’intoxication. Sont analysés les responsabilités et silences ou minimisations des industriels, des pouvoirs publics, de l’inspection et de la médecine du travail. Depuis 30 ans,les victimes se sont organisées et ont remporté de premières victoires dans la reconnaissance de la responsabilité des industriels, et dans l’indemnisation. 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