Development of the NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research. Hart, S. G. & Staveland, L. E. In Hancock, P. A. & Meshkati, N., editors, Human mental workload, volume Volume 52, of Human Mental Workload, pages 139–183. North Holland Press, Amsterdam, 1988.
abstract   bibtex   
The results of a multi-year research program to identify the factors associated with variations in subjective workload within and between different types of tasks are reviewed. Subjective evaluations of 10 workload-related factors were obtained from 16 different experiments. The experimental tasks included simple cognitive and manual control tasks, complex laboratory and supervisory control tasks, and aircraft simulation. Task-, behavior-, and subject-related correlates of subjective workload experiences varied as a function of difficulty manipulations within experiments, different sources of workload between experiments, and individual differences in workload definition. A multi-dimensional rating scale is proposed in which information about the magnitude and sources of six workload-related factors are combined to derive a sensitive and reliable estimate of workload.
@incollection{hart_development_1988,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	series = {Human {Mental} {Workload}},
	title = {Development of the {NASA}-{TLX} ({Task} {Load} {Index}): {Results} of empirical and theoretical research},
	volume = {Volume 52},
	isbn = {0-933957-30-0},
	abstract = {The results of a multi-year research program to identify the factors associated with variations in subjective workload within and between different types of tasks are reviewed. Subjective evaluations of 10 workload-related factors were obtained from 16 different experiments. The experimental tasks included simple cognitive and manual control tasks, complex laboratory and supervisory control tasks, and aircraft simulation. Task-, behavior-, and subject-related correlates of subjective workload experiences varied as a function of difficulty manipulations within experiments, different sources of workload between experiments, and individual differences in workload definition. A multi-dimensional rating scale is proposed in which information about the magnitude and sources of six workload-related factors are combined to derive a sensitive and reliable estimate of workload.},
	booktitle = {Human mental workload},
	publisher = {North Holland Press},
	author = {Hart, Sandra G. and Staveland, Lowell E.},
	editor = {Hancock, Peter A. and Meshkati, Najmedin},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {139--183}
}

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