Tunable optical and scintillation properties of two-dimensional tin mixed-halide perovskites. Hartati, S., Haposan, T., Afkauni, A. A., Anasha, S., Anwari, N. S., Marlina, R., Makowski, M., Kowal, D., Zhang, L., Witkowski, M. E., Diguna, L. J., Mahyuddin, M. H., Drozdowski, W., Arramel, A., & Birowosuto, M. D. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 13(34):17682–17691, 2025. ![Tunable optical and scintillation properties of two-dimensional tin mixed-halide perovskites [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex The controllable doping of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites fueled strong interest as scintillating materials. , The controllable doping of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) has fueled strong interest in their utilization as scintillating materials. In terms of cation engineering, tin mixed-halide perovskites (TMHPs) are considered a stronger contender than their conventional hybrid perovskite counterparts. However, their inability to undergo physicochemical alteration via simultaneous A-site and X-site substitution remains unresolved to date. In this work, we tailor the organic ligand and halide mixture of TMHPs to shed some light on their optical and scintillation properties. By introducing three organic ligands, we synthesize phenylmethylammonium (PMA), phenethylammonium (PEA) and phenylpropylammonium (PPA) and retain the Br : I ratio at 3 : 1. In terms of structural order, we show that the interlayer spacing between the inorganic layers is gradually extended from 9.88 Å for (PMA) 2 SnBr 3 I and 10.29 Å (PEA) 2 SnBr 3 I to 10.06 Å for (PPA) 2 SnBr 3 I. Based on geometrical order, organic chain penetration and octahedral distortion angles, we propose a rational design to modulate the absorption, photoluminescence (PL), optical bandgap, and thermal quenching of TMHPs. (PMA) 2 SnBr 3 I exhibits the fastest decay time ( τ avg = 1.1 ns) compared to (PEA) 2 SnBr 3 I ( τ avg = 2.51 ns) and (PPA) 2 SnBr 3 I ( τ avg = 3.54 ns), indicating that TMHPs are promising candidates for scintillator applications. This finding is corroborated by density functional theory, which outlines the weakened antibonding interaction between I 5p and Sn 5s orbitals upon tailoring the organic ligand of the perovskite. Our results demonstrate the importance of cation engineering in leveraging innovative hybrid perovskites with novel responses via a rational design.
@article{hartatiTunableOpticalScintillation2025,
title = {Tunable optical and scintillation properties of two-dimensional tin mixed-halide perovskites},
volume = {13},
issn = {2050-7526, 2050-7534},
url = {https://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D5TC01768H},
doi = {10.1039/D5TC01768H},
abstract = {The controllable doping of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites fueled strong interest as scintillating materials.
,
The controllable doping of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) has fueled strong interest in their utilization as scintillating materials. In terms of cation engineering, tin mixed-halide perovskites (TMHPs) are considered a stronger contender than their conventional hybrid perovskite counterparts. However, their inability to undergo physicochemical alteration
via
simultaneous A-site and X-site substitution remains unresolved to date. In this work, we tailor the organic ligand and halide mixture of TMHPs to shed some light on their optical and scintillation properties. By introducing three organic ligands, we synthesize phenylmethylammonium (PMA), phenethylammonium (PEA) and phenylpropylammonium (PPA) and retain the Br : I ratio at 3 : 1. In terms of structural order, we show that the interlayer spacing between the inorganic layers is gradually extended from 9.88 Å for (PMA)
2
SnBr
3
I and 10.29 Å (PEA)
2
SnBr
3
I to 10.06 Å for (PPA)
2
SnBr
3
I. Based on geometrical order, organic chain penetration and octahedral distortion angles, we propose a rational design to modulate the absorption, photoluminescence (PL), optical bandgap, and thermal quenching of TMHPs. (PMA)
2
SnBr
3
I exhibits the fastest decay time (
τ
avg
= 1.1 ns) compared to (PEA)
2
SnBr
3
I (
τ
avg
= 2.51 ns) and (PPA)
2
SnBr
3
I (
τ
avg
= 3.54 ns), indicating that TMHPs are promising candidates for scintillator applications. This finding is corroborated by density functional theory, which outlines the weakened antibonding interaction between I 5p and Sn 5s orbitals upon tailoring the organic ligand of the perovskite. Our results demonstrate the importance of cation engineering in leveraging innovative hybrid perovskites with novel responses
via
a rational design.},
language = {en},
number = {34},
urldate = {2026-06-22},
journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry C},
author = {Hartati, Sri and Haposan, Tobias and Afkauni, Afif Akmal and Anasha, Selvi and Anwari, Nelly Safitri and Marlina, Resti and Makowski, Michal and Kowal, Dominik and Zhang, Lei and Witkowski, Marcin Eugeniusz and Diguna, Lina Jaya and Mahyuddin, Muhammad Haris and Drozdowski, Winicjusz and Arramel, Arramel and Birowosuto, Muhammad Danang},
year = {2025},
pages = {17682--17691},
}
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In terms of cation engineering, tin mixed-halide perovskites (TMHPs) are considered a stronger contender than their conventional hybrid perovskite counterparts. However, their inability to undergo physicochemical alteration via simultaneous A-site and X-site substitution remains unresolved to date. In this work, we tailor the organic ligand and halide mixture of TMHPs to shed some light on their optical and scintillation properties. By introducing three organic ligands, we synthesize phenylmethylammonium (PMA), phenethylammonium (PEA) and phenylpropylammonium (PPA) and retain the Br : I ratio at 3 : 1. In terms of structural order, we show that the interlayer spacing between the inorganic layers is gradually extended from 9.88 Å for (PMA) 2 SnBr 3 I and 10.29 Å (PEA) 2 SnBr 3 I to 10.06 Å for (PPA) 2 SnBr 3 I. Based on geometrical order, organic chain penetration and octahedral distortion angles, we propose a rational design to modulate the absorption, photoluminescence (PL), optical bandgap, and thermal quenching of TMHPs. (PMA) 2 SnBr 3 I exhibits the fastest decay time ( τ avg = 1.1 ns) compared to (PEA) 2 SnBr 3 I ( τ avg = 2.51 ns) and (PPA) 2 SnBr 3 I ( τ avg = 3.54 ns), indicating that TMHPs are promising candidates for scintillator applications. This finding is corroborated by density functional theory, which outlines the weakened antibonding interaction between I 5p and Sn 5s orbitals upon tailoring the organic ligand of the perovskite. Our results demonstrate the importance of cation engineering in leveraging innovative hybrid perovskites with novel responses via a rational design.","language":"en","number":"34","urldate":"2026-06-22","journal":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Hartati"],"firstnames":["Sri"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Haposan"],"firstnames":["Tobias"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Afkauni"],"firstnames":["Afif","Akmal"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Anasha"],"firstnames":["Selvi"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Anwari"],"firstnames":["Nelly","Safitri"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Marlina"],"firstnames":["Resti"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Makowski"],"firstnames":["Michal"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kowal"],"firstnames":["Dominik"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Zhang"],"firstnames":["Lei"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Witkowski"],"firstnames":["Marcin","Eugeniusz"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Diguna"],"firstnames":["Lina","Jaya"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Mahyuddin"],"firstnames":["Muhammad","Haris"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Drozdowski"],"firstnames":["Winicjusz"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Arramel"],"firstnames":["Arramel"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Birowosuto"],"firstnames":["Muhammad","Danang"],"suffixes":[]}],"year":"2025","pages":"17682–17691","bibtex":"@article{hartatiTunableOpticalScintillation2025,\n\ttitle = {Tunable optical and scintillation properties of two-dimensional tin mixed-halide perovskites},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {2050-7526, 2050-7534},\n\turl = {https://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D5TC01768H},\n\tdoi = {10.1039/D5TC01768H},\n\tabstract = {The controllable doping of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites fueled strong interest as scintillating materials.\n , \n \n The controllable doping of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) has fueled strong interest in their utilization as scintillating materials. In terms of cation engineering, tin mixed-halide perovskites (TMHPs) are considered a stronger contender than their conventional hybrid perovskite counterparts. However, their inability to undergo physicochemical alteration\n via\n simultaneous A-site and X-site substitution remains unresolved to date. In this work, we tailor the organic ligand and halide mixture of TMHPs to shed some light on their optical and scintillation properties. By introducing three organic ligands, we synthesize phenylmethylammonium (PMA), phenethylammonium (PEA) and phenylpropylammonium (PPA) and retain the Br : I ratio at 3 : 1. In terms of structural order, we show that the interlayer spacing between the inorganic layers is gradually extended from 9.88 Å for (PMA)\n 2\n SnBr\n 3\n I and 10.29 Å (PEA)\n 2\n SnBr\n 3\n I to 10.06 Å for (PPA)\n 2\n SnBr\n 3\n I. Based on geometrical order, organic chain penetration and octahedral distortion angles, we propose a rational design to modulate the absorption, photoluminescence (PL), optical bandgap, and thermal quenching of TMHPs. (PMA)\n 2\n SnBr\n 3\n I exhibits the fastest decay time (\n τ\n avg\n = 1.1 ns) compared to (PEA)\n 2\n SnBr\n 3\n I (\n τ\n avg\n = 2.51 ns) and (PPA)\n 2\n SnBr\n 3\n I (\n τ\n avg\n = 3.54 ns), indicating that TMHPs are promising candidates for scintillator applications. This finding is corroborated by density functional theory, which outlines the weakened antibonding interaction between I 5p and Sn 5s orbitals upon tailoring the organic ligand of the perovskite. Our results demonstrate the importance of cation engineering in leveraging innovative hybrid perovskites with novel responses\n via\n a rational design.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {34},\n\turldate = {2026-06-22},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry C},\n\tauthor = {Hartati, Sri and Haposan, Tobias and Afkauni, Afif Akmal and Anasha, Selvi and Anwari, Nelly Safitri and Marlina, Resti and Makowski, Michal and Kowal, Dominik and Zhang, Lei and Witkowski, Marcin Eugeniusz and Diguna, Lina Jaya and Mahyuddin, Muhammad Haris and Drozdowski, Winicjusz and Arramel, Arramel and Birowosuto, Muhammad Danang},\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tpages = {17682--17691},\n}\n\n\n\n","author_short":["Hartati, S.","Haposan, T.","Afkauni, A. A.","Anasha, S.","Anwari, N. S.","Marlina, R.","Makowski, M.","Kowal, D.","Zhang, L.","Witkowski, M. E.","Diguna, L. J.","Mahyuddin, M. H.","Drozdowski, W.","Arramel, A.","Birowosuto, M. 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