Efficacy of Two Lion Conservation Programs in Maasailand, Kenya. Hazzah, L., Dolrenry, S., Naughton, L., Edwards, C. T. T., Mwebi, O., Kearney, F., & Frank, L. Conservation Biology, 28(3):851–860, June, 2014. WOS:000335809300030doi abstract bibtex Lion (Panthera leo) populations are in decline throughout most of Africa. The problem is particularly acute in southern Kenya, where Maasai pastoralists have been spearing and poisoning lions at a rate that will ensure near term local extinction. We investigated 2 approaches for improving local tolerance of lions: compensation payments for livestock lost to predators and Lion Guardians, which draws on local cultural values and knowledge to mitigate livestock-carnivore conflict and monitor carnivores. To gauge the overall influence of conservation intervention, we combined both programs into a single conservation treatment variable. Using 8 years of lion killing data, we applied Manski's partial identification approach with bounded assumptions to investigate the effect of conservation treatment on lion killing in 4 contiguous areas. In 3 of the areas, conservation treatment was positively associated with a reduction in lion killing. We then applied a generalized linear model to assess the relative efficacy of the 2 interventions. The model estimated that compensation resulted in an 87-91% drop in the number of lions killed, whereas Lion Guardians (operating in combination with compensation and alone) resulted in a 99% drop in lion killing. Eficacia de Dos Programas de Conservacion de Leones en Maasailand, Kenia Resumen Las poblaciones de leon (Panthera leo) estan disminuyendo en casi toda africa. El problema es particularmente mayor en el sur de Kenia, donde los pastores Maasai han estado matando con lanzas y envenenando leones a un paso que asegurara una extincion local a corto plazo. Investigamos dos acercamientos para mejorar la tolerancia local hacia los leones: pagos de compensacion por la perdida de ganado por depredadores y Leones Guardianes, que parte de los valores culturales y el conocimiento local para mitigar el conflicto ganado-carnivoro y monitorear a los carnivoros. Para medir la influencia total de la intervencion de la conservacion, combinamos ambos programas en una variable unica de tratamiento de conservacion. Usamos datos de ocho anos sobre la matanza de leones para aplicar el acercamiento de identificacion parcial de Manski con suposiciones unidas para investigar el efecto del tratamiento de la conservacion en la matanza de leones en cuatro areas contiguas. En tres de las areas, el tratamiento de conservacion fue asociado positivamente con una reduccion en la matanza. Aplicamos entonces un modelo lineal generalizado para estudiar la eficacia relativa de las dos intervenciones. El modelo estimo que la compensacion resulto en una baja de 87-91% en el numero de leones matados, mientras que Leones Guardianes (operando en combinacion con la compensacion y solo) resulto en una baja de 99% en la matanza de leones.
@article{hazzah_efficacy_2014,
title = {Efficacy of {Two} {Lion} {Conservation} {Programs} in {Maasailand}, {Kenya}},
volume = {28},
issn = {0888-8892},
doi = {10.1111/cobi.12244},
abstract = {Lion (Panthera leo) populations are in decline throughout most of Africa. The problem is particularly acute in southern Kenya, where Maasai pastoralists have been spearing and poisoning lions at a rate that will ensure near term local extinction. We investigated 2 approaches for improving local tolerance of lions: compensation payments for livestock lost to predators and Lion Guardians, which draws on local cultural values and knowledge to mitigate livestock-carnivore conflict and monitor carnivores. To gauge the overall influence of conservation intervention, we combined both programs into a single conservation treatment variable. Using 8 years of lion killing data, we applied Manski's partial identification approach with bounded assumptions to investigate the effect of conservation treatment on lion killing in 4 contiguous areas. In 3 of the areas, conservation treatment was positively associated with a reduction in lion killing. We then applied a generalized linear model to assess the relative efficacy of the 2 interventions. The model estimated that compensation resulted in an 87-91\% drop in the number of lions killed, whereas Lion Guardians (operating in combination with compensation and alone) resulted in a 99\% drop in lion killing. Eficacia de Dos Programas de Conservacion de Leones en Maasailand, Kenia Resumen Las poblaciones de leon (Panthera leo) estan disminuyendo en casi toda africa. El problema es particularmente mayor en el sur de Kenia, donde los pastores Maasai han estado matando con lanzas y envenenando leones a un paso que asegurara una extincion local a corto plazo. Investigamos dos acercamientos para mejorar la tolerancia local hacia los leones: pagos de compensacion por la perdida de ganado por depredadores y Leones Guardianes, que parte de los valores culturales y el conocimiento local para mitigar el conflicto ganado-carnivoro y monitorear a los carnivoros. Para medir la influencia total de la intervencion de la conservacion, combinamos ambos programas en una variable unica de tratamiento de conservacion. Usamos datos de ocho anos sobre la matanza de leones para aplicar el acercamiento de identificacion parcial de Manski con suposiciones unidas para investigar el efecto del tratamiento de la conservacion en la matanza de leones en cuatro areas contiguas. En tres de las areas, el tratamiento de conservacion fue asociado positivamente con una reduccion en la matanza. Aplicamos entonces un modelo lineal generalizado para estudiar la eficacia relativa de las dos intervenciones. El modelo estimo que la compensacion resulto en una baja de 87-91\% en el numero de leones matados, mientras que Leones Guardianes (operando en combinacion con la compensacion y solo) resulto en una baja de 99\% en la matanza de leones.},
language = {English},
number = {3},
journal = {Conservation Biology},
author = {Hazzah, Leela and Dolrenry, Stephanie and Naughton, Lisa and Edwards, Charles T. T. and Mwebi, Ogeto and Kearney, Fiachra and Frank, Laurence},
month = jun,
year = {2014},
note = {WOS:000335809300030},
keywords = {Africa, Wildlife, carnivore, community involvement, community-based conservation, compensacion, compensation, conocimiento local, conservacion basada en la comunidad, conservacion de carnivoros, conservation, conservation evaluation, evaluacion de la conservacion, incentives, incentivos, livestock, local knowledge, natural-resource management, participacion de la comunidad, participation, payments, perceptions, predation, protected areas, tolerance, tolerancia, zimbabwe},
pages = {851--860}
}
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We investigated 2 approaches for improving local tolerance of lions: compensation payments for livestock lost to predators and Lion Guardians, which draws on local cultural values and knowledge to mitigate livestock-carnivore conflict and monitor carnivores. To gauge the overall influence of conservation intervention, we combined both programs into a single conservation treatment variable. Using 8 years of lion killing data, we applied Manski's partial identification approach with bounded assumptions to investigate the effect of conservation treatment on lion killing in 4 contiguous areas. In 3 of the areas, conservation treatment was positively associated with a reduction in lion killing. We then applied a generalized linear model to assess the relative efficacy of the 2 interventions. The model estimated that compensation resulted in an 87-91% drop in the number of lions killed, whereas Lion Guardians (operating in combination with compensation and alone) resulted in a 99% drop in lion killing. Eficacia de Dos Programas de Conservacion de Leones en Maasailand, Kenia Resumen Las poblaciones de leon (Panthera leo) estan disminuyendo en casi toda africa. El problema es particularmente mayor en el sur de Kenia, donde los pastores Maasai han estado matando con lanzas y envenenando leones a un paso que asegurara una extincion local a corto plazo. Investigamos dos acercamientos para mejorar la tolerancia local hacia los leones: pagos de compensacion por la perdida de ganado por depredadores y Leones Guardianes, que parte de los valores culturales y el conocimiento local para mitigar el conflicto ganado-carnivoro y monitorear a los carnivoros. Para medir la influencia total de la intervencion de la conservacion, combinamos ambos programas en una variable unica de tratamiento de conservacion. Usamos datos de ocho anos sobre la matanza de leones para aplicar el acercamiento de identificacion parcial de Manski con suposiciones unidas para investigar el efecto del tratamiento de la conservacion en la matanza de leones en cuatro areas contiguas. En tres de las areas, el tratamiento de conservacion fue asociado positivamente con una reduccion en la matanza. Aplicamos entonces un modelo lineal generalizado para estudiar la eficacia relativa de las dos intervenciones. 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The problem is particularly acute in southern Kenya, where Maasai pastoralists have been spearing and poisoning lions at a rate that will ensure near term local extinction. We investigated 2 approaches for improving local tolerance of lions: compensation payments for livestock lost to predators and Lion Guardians, which draws on local cultural values and knowledge to mitigate livestock-carnivore conflict and monitor carnivores. To gauge the overall influence of conservation intervention, we combined both programs into a single conservation treatment variable. Using 8 years of lion killing data, we applied Manski's partial identification approach with bounded assumptions to investigate the effect of conservation treatment on lion killing in 4 contiguous areas. In 3 of the areas, conservation treatment was positively associated with a reduction in lion killing. We then applied a generalized linear model to assess the relative efficacy of the 2 interventions. 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